2026-05-31T16:46:24Z https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/oai

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/283 2023-08-09T16:42:43Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Effects of Frequent Therapeutic Administration of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine on Haematological Markers in BALB/c Mice Audu, David Idowu, Olufunmilayo Ajoke Patel, Vinood B Mshelbwala, Musa Fakilahyel Idowu, Adewumi Babatunde Medicine; Biology Malaria; Artemether Lumefantrine; Artesunate Amodiaquine; Hematological parameters; Anemia; Neutropenia Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) is readily available in malaria-endemic nations, leading to repeated drug usage by undiagnosed persons. Repeated use of ACT therapy by non-infected individuals may affect blood cells. This study explored how repeated artesunate-amodiaquine (A/A) and artemether-lumefantrine (A/L) treatment in non-infected mice affected haematological markers. 100 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: non-infected and Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected treated with A/L and A/A 1X, 2X, 3X, 4X, 5X, and 6X, and the control group. Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) were reduced (p>0.05) non-significantly in the non-infected group treated with A/L or A/A six times compared to the control and infected groups. WBC rose in infected and non-infected mice treated with A/L or A/A 1X, 2X, 3X, and 6X, with a substantial rise in non-infected mice treated with A/L (p < 0.01) and A/A (p < 0.001) three times. WBC mainly rose due to lymphocytes, although neutrophils decreased. Repeated therapeutic use of A/L and A/A without infection may cause a haematological change. Continuous efforts are needed to educate the public about screening for malaria parasites before using drugs. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Nigeria Federal Government Tertiary education trust fund (TETfund) 2023-03-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/283 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.233-240 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 233-240 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/283/186 Copyright (c) 2023 David Audu, Olufunmilayo A Idowu, Vinood B Patel, Musa F Mshelbwala, Adewumi B Idowu

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/298 2023-08-12T13:44:13Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Medicinal Biospecificity of Ginger and Its Efficacious Bioactive Compounds in the Context of Its Biological Activities Against Predominant Health Issues: Current Study and New Avenues Shahzad, Haseeba Saleem, Shaifa Hanif, Waqas Ali, Zareena Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan Nawaz, Haq Humma, Zelle Rana, Laraib Farid, Muhammad Qamar Kalsoom, Hajira Jaan, Samavia Anti-bacterial; Anti-cancer; antioxidant; antiviral; Immunostimulatory; Anti-inflammatory; Ginger bioactive compounds; new avenues; mechanism of action There is a multitude of life-threatening and widespread health issues worldwide, regarding weak immunity, severe inflammation, viral infections, bacterial infections as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), high free radicals generation, and cancer. Ginger, a perennial plant of the Zingiberaceae family with several authentic nutritional and medicinal values used in many countries as traditional medicine. That is why, the study was designed to highlight recent studies about medicinally most efficacious bio-active compounds of ginger along their biological significance related to immuno-stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. Our study also recognized future gaps in research. The study included professional research data under duration from 2001-2022 appearing in books and scholarly journals, collected from scientific database platforms via PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer Nature, Science Direct and Scopus. The present study includes the medicinal effects of almost 44 most influential ginger compounds like phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, and vinyllyl ketonic compounds etc. Our results revealed the strong alleviating effects of gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and polyphenols. Moreover, the ginger essential oil has proven to be very effective both for antiviral and antibacterial activity. However, no data is available in previous literature for components of ginger involved in immuno-stimulatory, effects. There is also a need to explore components for antibacterial activity. However, research has been conducted on ginger for only a few viruses despite its strong alleviating effects. Besides this, more study is needed to comprehend the comprehensive mechanism of action (especially at the molecular level) regarding the anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity of ginger and its constituents. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-06-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/298 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.371-389 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 371-389 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/298/202 Copyright (c) 2023 Haseeba Shahzad, Shaifa Saleem, Waqas Hanif, Zareena Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan Ahmed, Haq Nawaz, Zelle Humma, Laraib Rana, Muhammad Qamar Farid, Hajira Kalsoom, Samavia Jaan

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/348 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemicals and Larvicidal Activity of Sonneratia alba Root Extracts from Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Denpasar-Bali Wijaya, Made Dharmesti Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede Kirtanayasa, I Gede Yoga Ayuning Natural Product; Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacy; Medicine; Larvicidal Activity; Phytochemicals, Roots; Sonneratia alba Dengue is an endemic disease with a high incidence in almost all Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. This infectious disease is caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito as the main vector. Effective mosquito vector control is a crucial step in stopping the spread of this virus. Of the several methods available, the use of larvicides is considered one of the most successful treatments in reducing the number of mosquito vectors. However, widely used synthetic larvicides can have undesirable side effects on the environment and non-target organisms including human health. The aim of this study was to discover a new biolarvicide from natural materials that is relatively safer. In this study, the biolarvicidal activity of mangrove plant species that are commonly found in Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest Bali was tested, namely Sonneratia alba. Mangrove root simplicia was extracted by reflux method using three different solvents namely methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane. The content of compounds in the extract were analyzed using GC/MS method. The larvicidal activity of the extracts were tested on A. aegypti instar III/IV larvae with concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm for 24 hours. Subsequently, the average value of larval mortality was used to calculate the LC50 of each extract. The results showed that S. alba methanol extract provided the best larvicidal activity compared to chloroform and n-hexane extracts, with mortality of 69.33% at a concentration of 1000 ppm and LC50 of 1265 ppm. GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract of S. alba contained five dominant compounds namely Methyl 2-hydroxy-eicosanoate (19.55%); 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy (16.48%); 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol (10.06%); Benzamide, N-[4-(2-naphtyl)-2-thiazolyl]- (9.40%); and 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-inden-1-one (6.52%). The results of this study provide a preliminary result on larvicide activity from mangrove S. alba in order to develop bio larvicides from nature which is safer for human health and environment. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-09-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/348 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.499-505 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 499-505 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/348/222 Copyright (c) 2023 Made Dharmesti Wijaya, Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, I Gede Yoga Ayuning Kirtanayasa

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/410 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Investigating the Insecticidal Properties of Alangium salviifolium Root Extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoe Yagoo, Alex Milton, M.C. John Vilvest, Jelin Alangium salviifolium roots; Culex quinquefasciatus; plant extract; toxicity This study evaluated the effectiveness of successive hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Alangium salviifolium roots in combating mosquito-borne diseases caused by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoe in India. The hexane extract showed the highest efficacy with LC50 values of 105.0 ppm (larvicidal activity), 108.0 ppm (pupicidal activity), and 65.6 ppm (ovicidal activity). The chloroform extract had LC50 values of 156.8 ppm (larvicidal), 376.0 ppm (pupicidal), and 20.0 ppm (ovicidal), while the methanol extract had LC50 values of 235.7 ppm (larvicidal), 441.8 ppm (pupicidal), and 30.4 ppm (ovicidal). The hexane extract of A. salviifolium roots shows potential as a mosquito control agent, specifically against Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of this extract. This research highlights the potential of plant extracts as alternative mosquito control agents for mitigating mosquito-borne diseases in India. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-12-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/410 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.619-624 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 619-624 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/410/237 Copyright (c) 2023 Alex Yagoo, M.C. John Milton, Jelin Vilvest

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/468 2024-09-17T07:30:41Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Potential of Freshener Water Based on Siwalan Coir Extract (Borassus flabellifer) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Airborne Bacteria Andayani, Hana Dwi Yoviska, Salma Auliya Syaffa, Widyastuti Asy Iqlima, Putri Amifalahiya Sriwulan, Sriwulan Air freshener; Antibacterial; Lemongrass; Siwalan Air is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-05-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/468 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.51-55 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 51-55 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/468/255 Copyright (c) 2024 Hana Dwi Andayani, Salma Auliya Yoviska, Widyastuti Asy Syaffa, Putri Amifalahiya Iqlima, Sriwulan

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/535 2024-09-17T07:30:42Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Shrimp Digestive Bacteria Performance for Shrimp Waste Chitin Extraction Nainggolan, Kristina Novalina Putra, Yudha Perdana Fitriyani, Evi Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry chitin; enzymatic extraction; digestive tract; lactic acid and proteolytic bacteria, shrimp waste Generally, chitin is isolated chemically. An environmentally friendly alternative to chitin extraction is enzymatic extraction. The research aims to determine the effectiveness and optimum conditions for enzymatic chitin extraction of shrimp waste (heads, shells, and tails) using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and proteolytic bacteria from the shrimp's digestive tract (faeces and intestines). The research stages were isolation, enrichment, and determining shrimp digestion's bacterial colonies, microscopic identification of shrimp digestive bacteria, and determining the effectiveness and optimal conditions for shrimp waste's chitin isolation. Aerobic and Anaerobic Total Plate Count (TPC), LAB, and proteolytic bacteria from shrimp's digestive tract per gram of sample were respectively 5.52 and 5.59 log CFU; 4.76 and 4.56 log CFU; 6.46 and 6.20 log CFU. Microscopic morphology shows that LAB and proteolytic bacteria of shrimp digestive are gram-positive as cocci or rods. The deproteinization value of shrimp waste reached 31%, especially for treatment with a pH of 5.0–7.0 (during proteolytic bacteria fermentation) and pre-treatment of boiling, drying and coarse grinding of shrimp waste (PP2) before extraction. However, the demineralization value of shrimp waste is only 4.5% (PP1) and 3% (PP2), with LAB as the primary fermentation agent because proteolytic bacteria have been unable to reduce the mineral content in shrimp waste further. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Politeknik Negeri Pontianak Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan 2024-05-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/535 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.183-191 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 183-191 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/535/271 Copyright (c) 2024 Kristina Novalina Nainggolan, Yudha Perdana Putra, Evi Fitriyani

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/547 2024-10-03T04:05:43Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Exploring Allelochemical Compositions in The Roots of Two Varieties of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Okoronkwo, Nnenna Ejije Igwe, Jude Chibuzor Nwosu, Nkemakolam Bright Chukwu, Precious Onyinyechi Chukwukere, Udoka Ifunnaya Ihedigbo, Perculiar C. natural product; Alleochemical; Alleopthathy; Quantitative Phytochrmicals; Anacardium occidental GCMS Allelochemicals are chemicals released by plants that affect other plants and pests. The chemicals are provided by different parts of the plant or released through the natural decomposition of the associated plants. Anacardium occidentale has been reported to exhibit allelopathy. The bark and inner parts of the roots of the two varieties (red and yellow) of Anacardium occidental (Linn) were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of allelochemicals. The samples were also subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The qualitative results showed that flavonoids, tannins, and phenols were present in both the bark and inner parts of the roots, whereas alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids were present only in the bark of the roots. The quantitative results showed that while the root bark of the red variety had the highest saponin content, that of the yellow variety had the highest phenol content. The GC/MS results for both samples showed the presence of different compounds, and one of the compound peaks observed in the inner root was not identified; 9,12– octadecadienoic acid (fatty acid) was the compound with the highest composition identified in the yellow variety.  Similar compounds were identified in the root bark of the red and yellow varieties, which include 3-Tridecyl phenol with molecular formula C19H32O and molecular weight 276, which occurred at a retention time range of 41.703–41.712 min and had the lowest percentage compositions of 2.816 and 4.732% in red and yellow varieties, respectively. The compounds with the highest percentage compositions of 32.389 and 41.944% in red and yellow, respectively, were identified as (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl) phenol (molecular formula C23H38O with molecular weight 330), occurring within the retention time range of 48.246 – 48.263 min. Other compounds with higher percentage compositions were identified in the samples, including (Z)-3-(pentadec-8-en-1-yl) phenol and 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl) phenol. However, 1,2,4,-Benzenetriol (molecular formula C6H6O with molecular weight 252) was only identified in the red variety, with a percentage composition of 8.883%, which occurred at a retention time of  22.040 min. The compounds identified in the bark were mostly phenols, whereas those in the inner roots were more fatty acids. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-08-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/547 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.297-303 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 297-303 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/547/286 Copyright (c) 2024 Nnenna Ejije Okoronkwo, Jude Chibuzor Igwe, Nkemakolam Bright Nwosu, Precious Onyinyechi Chukwu, Udoka Ifunnaya Chukwukere, Perculiar C. Ihedigbo

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/634 2025-02-26T07:46:42Z BIOMEDICH:ADP

Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 13 No. 1 April 2024 Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-09-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/634 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.%p Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024) 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/634/305 Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/592 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Preparation of Ni/Bentonite Acid-Activated using Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) As a Reductor for One Pot Synthesis of Menthol Marhayuni, Yuni Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi Natural Product Chemistry dragon fruit peel extract; impregnation; menthol; Ni/Bentonite; one pot synthesis Ni/Bentonite is acid-activated has been synthesized using dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a reductor through an impregnation method. This research aims to characterize Ni/Bentonite acid-activated using dragon fruit peel extract as a reductor based on FTIR and XRD instruments and to analyze the product obtained in one pot synthesis of menthol from citronellal using Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst. Preparation of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated catalyst was carried out using a wet impregnation method with dragon fruit peel extract as a natural reductor. The successful synthesis of Ni/Bentonite acid-activated was confirmed by FTIR spectrum identification, showing absorptions at wavelengths of 1049.28 cm?¹ and 694.37 cm?¹, indicating Si-O groups in the bentonite, and XRD diffractogram indicating the presence of Ni at diffraction peaks of 2? = 40.5° and 2? = 47.74°. The catalyst was able to convert menthol by 0.77% through one pot synthesis without using H? sources such as potassium formate. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta 2024-10-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/592 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.523-530 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 523-530 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/592/320 Copyright (c) 2024 Yuni Marhayuni, Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/625 2025-09-26T01:45:57Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Identification of JAMU KU-HE-SE as an Alternative Health Supporting Ingredient Botahala, Loth Djasibani, Hemy Ratmas Karbeka, Martasiana Nahak, Maria Hendriana Chemistry; Agricultural Product Technology antioxidant analysis; JKHS; phytochemical analysis; proximate analysis; traditional medicine. Herbal plants have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine and continue to be maintained and preserved in Indonesia. They are called Jm. Each part of an herbal plant has active components in the form of secondary metabolite compounds, ranging from tubers, wood, sap, latex, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds that function to maintain life in their environment. Turmeric, ginger, and lemongrass are included in Jm plants, which are very useful in traditional medicine because they have various secondary metabolite compounds. This study aims to obtain an even distribution of secondary metabolite compounds through phytochemical tests, inhibition of free radicals through antioxidant activity tests, and an even distribution of nutrients through proximate analysis in JKHS samples with a certain formula. The results of the phytochemical test showed that JKHS contains several important phytochemical components with the intensity it shows. Phenolic content (++) can provide benefits in protecting body cells from oxidative damage. Saponin (+) has anti-inflammatory properties and has the potential as an antimicrobial agent. In addition, steroids (+) and terpenoids (++), play a role in regulating the body's physiological functions and can support hormonal balance and the immune system and the potential in treating certain diseases. Alkaloid content (+)can affect the nervous system and has analgesic and stimulant properties. JKHS samples also contain carotenoids (+), which protect body cells from free radicals and oxidative damage. With the  value of 4.838 µg / mL of the sample, it shows that JKHS extract has very strong antioxidant potential. Through proximate analysis, it was obtained that the water content (15.38%) reflects the humidity level in JKHS which can affect the stability of product storage, the ash content (6.29%) indicates that JKHS can be a good source of minerals to support health, the crude protein content (3.79%) indicates that JKHS contributes to daily protein intake, especially in regular consumption, the fat content (6.43%) contributes energy and plays an important role in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and other bioactive compounds that may be contained in JKHS, the carbohydrate content (81.37%) indicates that the main component of JKHS is carbohydrates, which function as the main source of energy for the body that can support physical activity and daily energy needs, and the fiber content (5.45%) is an important component that helps smooth the digestion process, improves intestinal health, and helps prevent digestive disorders such as constipation, and plays a role in maintaining blood sugar levels and supporting weight management. Overall, the proximate composition of JKHS has good nutritional value, with carbohydrates as the dominant energy source, as well as additional protein, fat, and fiber that support overall health. This combination of formulas makes JKHS have great potential as a Jm drink that can provide various health benefits, especially in protecting the body from oxidative stress, inflammation, and other disease risks, including supporting the regeneration of cells, nerves, and other organs of the body that are weak due to climate, work, or old age. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-02-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/625 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.9-16 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 9-16 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/625/337 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/625/106 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/625/107 Copyright (c) 2025 Loth Botahala, Hemy Ratmas Djasibani, Martasiana Karbeka, Maria Hendriana Nahak

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/651 2025-09-26T01:45:57Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Potential of Spirulina platensis Biostimulan as a Seed Priming Agent to Enhance the Vigor and Viability of Cucumber Seeds (Cucumis sativus) Rahmawati, Fitri Ayu Pratiwi, Indah Wahyu Samtani, Kariena Atuillah, Nuning Hidayatullah, Reza Aris Ermawati, Netty Sya'ban, Rahmat Ali Kurniasari, Leli Adnan, Moch. Rosyadi Biology; Natural Product Biostimulant, Cucumis sativus; Seed priming, Spirulina platensis; Vigor Spirulina platensis is a microalgae that can grow in waste media, including Sugar Mill Effluent (SME). In addition, Spirulina contains phytohormones that can be utilized to enhance seed germination. Cultivating microalgae will produce biomass that can be used for priming cucumber seeds. This research aims to determine the effect of Spirulina biomass and soaking time on the germination of cucumber seeds. In this research, a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used, consisting of 5 levels of microalgae biomass concentration: control (untreated seeds), 0, 30, 45, and 60%, with soaking time of 3 levels: 1, 2, and 3 hours. The results demonstrated that Spirulina can grow in SME-based media, as indicated by the increase in size and density of microalgae cells.  Analysis of the seed priming test results of 45% algae biomass concentration for 1 and 3 hours showed a significant effect on the parameter of vigor index, seed growth rate, and simultaneous seed growth. In the treatment with a 60% concentration and soaking time of 1, 2, and 3 hours, significant effects were observed on the parameters of MGT, vigor index, seed growth rate, and shoot length. Even though the 45% and 60% treatments showed no significant differences in the few parameters, the priming with Spirulina platensis exhibited no decrease in cucumber seed germination, these applications indicated no decrease in seed germination. This demonstrates that priming treatment with Spirulina platensis is not toxic to seedling growth. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) and Politeknik Negeri Jember 2025-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/651 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.129-141 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 129-141 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/651/354 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/651/113 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/651/114 Copyright (c) 2025 Fitri Ayu Rahmawati, Indah Wahyu Pratiwi, Kariena Samtani, Nuning Atuillah, Reza Aris Hidayatullah, Netty Ermawati, Rahmat Ali Sya'ban, Leli Kurniasari, Moch. Rosyadi Adnan

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/716 2025-09-26T01:45:58Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Platelet-rich plasma as an Alternative Supplement for Enhancing CD Marker Expression in Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prianggodo, Putra Agung Septiana, Wahyunia Likhayati Junaidi, Helsy Astuti, Sastia Winda Biological; Biology; Journal Biology; Medicine Journal; Medicine; FBS; PRP; MSC; Stem Cells; Xeno-free This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as culture supplements for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from umbilical cord tissue. The study focused on the efficiency of xeno-free PRP in enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation and looked at cell surface markers for MSC characterization. Until the cells achieved 80% confluency, three repeats of FBS and PRP were added to the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue in passage 10. Following harvesting, an assay kit for human mesenchymal stem cells was used to color the cells. Using flow cytometry, the surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105, and the negative marker CD44 were evaluated in the samples. Cells supplemented with PRP expressed more positive indicators and fewer negative markers. Whereas the results for CD90, CD105, and the negative marker were insignificant, the expression of CD73 increased significantly. PRP can enhance CD marker expression by acting as a substitute for FBS in the culture of xeno-free umbilical cord-derived MSCs. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-06-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/716 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.249-257 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 249-257 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/716/370 Copyright (c) 2025 Putra Agung Prianggodo, Wahyunia Likhayati Septiana, Helsy Junaidi, Sastia Winda Astuti

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/729 2025-09-26T01:45:59Z BIOMEDICH:ART

In silico Toxicity Prediction of Ethanol Extract of Cola rostrata (K. Schum.) Epicarp Ajayi, Babatunde Ebenezer Aina, Oluwafemi Segun Odunlade, Albert Kolawole Minari, Bamidele Joseph Natural Product; Metabolism; Toxicity Cola rostrata; Phytochemicals; Metabolism; Toxicity profile; GC-MS; Molecular docking. Abstract. The ethanol extract of the epicarp of Cola rostrata fruit has been reported to possess notable pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects; however, its toxicological profile remains understudied. This study evaluated the metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-identified phytochemicals from C. rostrata epicarp. In silico analysis and molecular docking of components of the extract were carried out using ADMETlab2.0 platform and Autodock4 tools. Visualization of molecular binding interactions was done using Discovery Studio-2020. Ten of the 48 compounds in the extract, including 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol and 2-Hydroxychalcone, were predicted to have high probability of inducing liver injury, oxidative stress and inhibiting cytochrome-P450 enzymes. Molecular docking revealed that 1-(4-Methoxyphenylazo)-2-phenoxynaphthalene binds strongly to NADH dehydrogenase 1 (-7.78 kcal/mol) and CYP2C19 (-9.93 kcal/mol), with the compound interacting with Thr301, Leu361 and Leu366 at the active site of CYP2C19. 2-Hydroxychalcone binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-8.07 kcal/mol) and to Na+/K+-ATPase (-7.49 kcal/mol), while, Anthiaergostan-5,7,9-trien-14.alpha.,15.alpha.-diol binds strongly to CYP2C19 (-9.56 kcal/mol) and CYP1A2 (-8.71 kcal/mol). The extract showed strong potential to induce toxic outcomes. The abundance of antioxidant phytosterols in the extract may counterbalance the potential toxicity. While C. rostrata holds therapeutic potential, molecular interactions of its phytochemicals highlight risks of toxicity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Ajayi Babatunde E., Dept Biological Sci., Trinity University, Nigeria Aina Oluwafemi S., Dept of Biological Sci., Trinity University Odunlade Albert K., Dept. of Biological Sci., Trinity University Minari Bamidele J., Dept. of Cell Biology and Genetics, 2025-07-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/729 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.369-379 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 369-379 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/729/379 Copyright (c) 2025 Babatunde Ebenezer Ajayi, Oluwafemi Segun Aina, Albert Kolawole Odunlade, Bamidele Joseph Minari

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/692 2025-09-26T01:46:00Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Potential of Hanjuang Merah (Cordyline fruticose) Antibacterial Liquid Body Wash Rahayu, Emy Rahmanina, Lilih Pasaribu, Tupaida Maulida, Maulida Dewi, Mirnawati Biology Antibakteri; hanjuang merah leaves; Liquid body wash; Staphylococcus aureus The skin is the outermost layer of tissue that has the function of covering and protecting the surface of the human body. Unhygienic skin will trigger skin infections caused by various microorganisms. One of them is bacteria. Hanjuang merah (Cordyline fruticosa) is a type of plant that is often used as a traditional medicine, especially for the Dayak community. However, research on the use of the Cordyline fruticosa plant in producing liquid body wash formulations that are efficacious as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus has not been carried out so far. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of Cordyline fruticosa as a formulation of liquid body wash formulations and to find the effectiveness of Cordyline fruticosa in inhibiting infections caused by S. aureus bacteria made in the form of liquid body wash. The method used in the extraction is maceration and the manufacture of liquid body wash according to the formulation that has been made, while the disc diffusion method with concentrations of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) is used in antibacterial tests. Liquid body wash preparations with the largest inhibitory zone level at a concentration of 15% (F3). The concentration of 15% (F3) is effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria which is characterized by the formation of an inhibition zone around the disk. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/692 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.499-506 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 499-506 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/692/407 Copyright (c) 2025 Emy Rahayu, Lilih Rahmanina, Tupaida Pasaribu, Maulida, Mirnawati Dewi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/891 2025-09-26T01:46:00Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytoplankton Diversity as a Water Quality Bioindicator of Mangrove Ecosystems in the Mangrove Rehabilitation and Mangrove Ecotourism Area of Merdeka Beach Serdang Bedagai Aulia, Putri Hutasuhut, Melfa Aisyah Phytoplankton; Mangrove Rehabilitation; Ecotourism; Bioindicator; Water Quality This study investigates the diversity and composition of phytoplankton as a bioindicator of water quality in the mangrove ecosystems of Merdeka Beach, Bagan Kuala Village, Serdang Bedagai. Sampling was conducted at three sites representing long-term rehabilitation (2010–2025), recent rehabilitation (2024–2025), and mangrove ecotourism areas. Phytoplankton abundance and diversity were analyzed using ecological indices, including Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’), Trophic Diatom Index (TDI), and Percentage Pollution Tolerance Value (%PTV), alongside physicochemical water parameters. Results indicate spatial variation in water quality and phytoplankton communities. Station 1 showed moderate abundance and high diversity, indicating ecological stability. Station 2 exhibited increased abundance but lower diversity, reflecting transitional conditions. Station 3 demonstrated the highest abundance and pollution-tolerant taxa, consistent with elevated nutrient levels due to human activities. TDI and %PTV values corroborated these findings, identifying Station 3 as hypertrophic and heavily polluted. These results highlight the utility of phytoplankton as sensitive indicators of environmental quality and the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts. The integration of biotic indices and water parameters provides a robust framework for ongoing ecological monitoring and coastal management strategies, particularly in mangrove ecosystems undergoing anthropogenic pressure and restoration. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-09-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/891 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.575-583 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 575-583 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/891/425 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/891/161 Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Aulia, Melfa Aisyah Hutasuhut

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/812 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Extracellular Metabolites of Clove-Endophytic Bacteria, Niallia nealsonii DCL1, Exhibit Potential Cellular Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities Salsabilah, Nadiyah Prastya, Muhammad Eka Astuti, Rika Indri Biology; Microbiology antiaging; antioxidant; LC-MS/MS; Niallia nealsonii DCL1; Schizosaccharomyces pombe The clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum L., is a highly valued spice in Indonesia, recognized for its extensive applications in food preservation and medicinal uses. In a prior study, six endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from clove leaves. One of these isolates, designated as DCL1, is a Gram-positive bacterium identified as Niallia nealsonii. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antiaging properties of the extracellular metabolite of DCL1. Extracellular metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and evaluated for antioxidant activity via the DPPH assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also quantified with further metabolilte profiling using Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Further study of antiaging activity was assayed using yeast model Schizosacchromyces pombe. The extract from N. nealsonii DCL1 cultures harvested at 28 and 40 hours yielded 0.01% and 0.009%, respectively. Our findings indicate that the 40-hour extract contains higher levels of phenolics (93.54 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and flavonoids (12.09 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract) compared to the 28-hour extract. Additionally, the 40-hour extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the 28-hour extract, as demonstrated by DPPH (IC50 222 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 511.43 µg/mL) assays. Moreover, the 40-hour extract significantly prolonged the viability of S. pombe, suggesting its potential as an anti-aging agent. LC-MS/MS analysis identified several potential bioactive compounds, including gallic acid and N-carbamoyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzamide, which may contribute to its bioactivity. Ultimately, our study indicates that DCL1 40-h extract showed antiaging potential, which is promising as source and formulation of biopharmaceutical or cosmeceutical products.  Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/812 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.747-755 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 747-755 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/812/435 Copyright (c) 2025 Nadiyah Salsabilah, Muhammad Eka Prastya, Rika Indri Astuti

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/945 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Effect of Ciprofloxacin Administration on Gastric Histopathological Changes in Mice Savitri, Lisa Ihsan, Kharisul Krissanjaya, Rochmad Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Yanti, Novirma Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif Immunology; Biology; Health; Medical Laboratory Technology ciprofloxacin; gastric mucosa; histopathology; mice; fluoroquinolones Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical and veterinary practice. While effective against a broad range of bacterial infections, several studies have reported potential adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the gastric mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa of mice following ciprofloxacin administration at different doses. A total of 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, low-dose ciprofloxacin, moderate-dose ciprofloxacin, and high-dose ciprofloxacin. Treatment was administered orally for 14 days. Gastric tissues were collected and examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent mucosal alterations. The control group showed intact gastric architecture, while the low-dose group exhibited mild epithelial erosion. The moderate-dose group presented with mucosal disruption and inflammatory infiltration, and the high-dose group demonstrated severe ulceration, edema, and mucosal thinning. These findings indicate progressive gastric injury with increasing ciprofloxacin exposure. Ciprofloxacin administration induces dose-dependent gastric mucosal injury in mice, consistent with fluoroquinolone-related gastrointestinal toxicity. Caution is warranted in prolonged or high-dose therapy, and further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential gastroprotective interventions. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/945 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.873-878 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 873-878 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/945/457 Copyright (c) 2025 Lisa Savitri, Kharisul Ihsan, Rochmad Krissanjaya, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Novirma Yanti, Mochamad Hanif Hilmi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/837 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Peptide Fractions of Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei and Protective Effects against Lead-induced Toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster Molik, Zainab Abiodun Abolaji, Amos Olalekan Ogbole, Omonike Oluyemisi Natural Product Chemistry; Natural Product; Ethnopharmacology Alstonia boonei; Drosophila melanogaster; Bioactive peptides; Lead toxicity, Morinda lucida Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei are widely used in ethnomedicine for treating and managing various ailments and have been validated for several biological activities. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of partially purified peptide fractions of Morinda lucida (MLP) and Alstonia boonei (ABP) and their protective effect against lead (Pb)-induced toxicity on wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. Peptide fractions were partially purified using solid phase extraction and evaluated for antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhyhdrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via protein denaturation and membrane stabilisation assays. Flies were treated with Pb (10 mM), peptide fractions (50 and 100 µg/10g diet), and co-treatment of Pb plus the fractions. After treatment, homogenized flies were analysed for total thiol (TSH) and non-protein thiol (NPSH) content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, nitric oxide (NO) (nitrite/nitrate) and hydroperoxide levels. The peptide fractions showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Both fractions (50 and 100 µg/10g diet) maintained a balanced redox status of flies. Pb exposure reduced survival rates and increased oxidative stress markers compared to control untreated flies. Co-treatment with MLP and ABP (50 and 100 µg/10g diet) improved antioxidant enzyme activities (GST, NPSH and Total thiol) and accumulation of NO and hydroperoxide in Pb-treated flies. Therefore, the peptide fractions from M. lucida and A. boonei may be sources of bioactive agents with therapeutic potential against oxidative stress and inflammation associated with lead toxicity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Thomas-Bassir Biomedical Foundation 2025-10-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/837 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.993-1007 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 993-1007 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/837/468 Copyright (c) 2025 Zainab Abiodun Molik, Amos Olalekan Abolaji, Omonike Oluyemisi Ogbole

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1103 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Soybean Plant Growth and Production Response (Glycine max (L.) Merril) to the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Poc) Apu – Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) Plant and Various Soil Reformers on Ultisol Soil Media Panggabean, Ellen Lumisar Azwana, Azwana Biological POC Apu-Apu; Various Soil Reformers; Soybeans This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) to the application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) and various soil conditioners on Ultisol soil. The research was carried out from September to December 2020 at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Medan Area, located at an altitude of 22 masl with flat topography, Ultisol soil characteristics, and a soil pH of 4.94. The experimens used a randomized block design with two factors: (1) concensrations of apu-apu LOF (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% per liter of water) and (2) types of soil conditioners (no conditioner, rice-husk biochar, Mucuna bracteata green manure, and human-hair organic amendmens at 50 g per polybag). Observed parameters included plans height, number of branches, flowering age, number of bunches per plans and per plot, number of pods per plans and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight. The results showed that the application of LOF from apu-apu significansly increased several agronomic and yield componenss, namely number of branches at 6 WAP, number of bunches per plans and per plot, number of pods per plans and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight. Meanwhile, the application of differens soil conditioners produced highly significans effects on plans height at 4–6 WAP, number of pods per plant and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight, although it did not significansly affect the number of branches or number of bunches. Overall, the combination of LOF and soil conditioners improved soybean growth and productivity in Ultisol soil conditions. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-11-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1103 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1121-1127 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1121-1127 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1103/485 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/1103/216 Copyright (c) 2025 Ellen Lumisar Panggabean, Azwana

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/910 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Potency of Kuldon® Solution in The Healing Process of Aphthous Stomatitis Priandini, Dewi Pakpahan, Alfred Amtha, Rahmi Sulistia, Aprilia Puspita Abrijanto, Abrijanto Biology; Medicine; Natural Product Aphthous Stomatitis; Kuldon® solution; Healing Potency Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Kuldon® solution in the healing process of aphthous stomatitis.  Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 60 subjects (27 males, 33 females), randomly assigned to receive either Kuldon® solution (Drug A) or hyaluronic acid rinse (Drug B). Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and lesion diameter was measured on days 2, 5, and 7. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). Results: Drug A showed a greater reduction in pain and lesion size compared to Drug B. By day 5, 100% of Drug A users reported no pain, with 90% showing lesion reduction.Conclusion: Kuldon® solution demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in managing aphthous stomatitis. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity PT. Deltomed Laboratories 2025-12-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/910 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1241-1245 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1241-1245 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/910/486 Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Priandini, Alfred Pakpahan, Rahmi Amtha, Aprilia Puspita Sulistia, Abrijanto

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/990 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Formulation of an Anti-acne Cream Containing Ethanolic Extract of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Lailatusholihah, Isna Prastiwi, Dina Alva Ni'mah, Afiatun Yudhistira, Yudhistira Cream Anti-acne; Portulaca oleracea; Antibacterial Activity; Ethanolic Extract Portulaca oleracea (purslane) is a medicinal plant known for its antibacterial potential due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate an anti-acne cream containing the ethanol extract of P. oleracea and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, and antibacterial testing was performed using the well diffusion method. The results showed that the ethanol extract demonstrated antibacterial activity, with the highest effect observed in formulation F3, which produced an inhibition zone of 13 mm (strong category). F3 also exhibited desirable physicochemical characteristics, including a spreading diameter of 6.5 cm, viscosity of 14,340 cP, and pH of 5, all of which complied with standard requirements. These findings indicate that P. oleracea ethanol extract has potential as an active ingredient in topical anti-acne formulations. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-12-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/990 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1379-1384 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1379-1384 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/990/490 Copyright (c) 2025 Isna Lailatusholihah, Dina Alva Prastiwi, Afiatun Ni'mah, Yudhistira

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/903 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Isolation, Characterization and Growth Optimization of Glufosunate Ammonium Degrading Bacteria from Farmlands Soil in Mubi Yakubu, Kabiru Ibrahim, Salihu Bello, Ahmad Umar Babandi, Abba Glufosinate Ammonium Degradation; Bacillus sp; bioremediation; OFAT; RSM; heavy metal; 16S rRNA analysis; phylogenetic analysis The persistent application of glufosinate ammonium as a non-selective herbicide in agricultural practices raises significant environmental concerns due to its potential accumulation and eco-toxicity. This study focused on the isolation, characterization, degradation and optimization of glufosinate ammonium degrading bacteria from agricultural soil in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Three isolates were screened from mineral salt medium containing glufosinate ammonium herbicides as carbon source which are isolate GA1, GA2 and GA3 but the isolate GA3 strain show highest degradation potential of glufosinate ammonium compare to GA1 and GA2 which was  determined by UV-spectrophotometer and further by LC-MS which showed degradation by 75.9%  the GA3 strain was characterized morphologically and biochemically as gram positive, and through 16SrRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed isolate GA3 (94.45% 16SrRNA homology to Bacillus ). Optimization of the degradation condition was performed using the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach, which revealed that the strain has growth optima at 35oC, pH 7.0, 10 mg/L glufosinate ammonium, with 5% inoculum size, and 48 hours’ incubation peak growth, the GA3 stain had growth stimulated best with glutamic acid 1g/L, (nitrogen source), and sucrose 1g/L (carbon source), exposure to heavy metal revealed Zn,Cu, and Fe stimulate growth whereas Pb and Hg caused significant inhibition. (p<0.0001, ANOVA). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization enhanced degradation efficiency with GA3 strain degrading 75.9% glufosinate ammonium, the model shows great fit to the quadratic model (R2=0.9552) for GA3strain (F=23.66., P<0.0001). The results revealed that GA3 strain is capable of significant glufosinate ammonium degradation, with optimized conditions enhancing degradation efficiency. This study revealed great potential of indigenous soil microbes in bioremediation of herbicides-contaminated environments and provide a foundation for the development of eco-friendly strategies to mitigate glufosinate pollution in agricultural systems. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-01-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/903 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1509-1527 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1509-1527 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/903/535 Copyright (c) 2026 Kabiru Yakubu, Salihu Ibrahim, Ahmad Umar Bello, Abba Babandi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1082 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) Gene in Apis cerana from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Budiarsa, I Made Trianto, Manap Akram, Akram Windarsih, Yulia Ashari, Abdul Apis spp.; Central Sulawesi; entomological origin; honey; mrjp2 Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, supporting a wide range of pollinating insects, including honey bee species of the genus Apis. Among these, Apis cerana is the most widely managed species and contributes significantly to national honey production, particularly in Sulawesi. However, the increasing economic value of honey has led to frequent cases of entomological origin fraud, in which honey is falsely labeled as being produced by a different bee species. This study aimed to determine the entomological origin of honey sold in Central Sulawesi using the Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) gene as a molecular marker. Seven honey samples claimed as “forest honey” were analyzed through DNA extraction, PCR amplification using species-specific primers (CF-CR), and sequencing followed by BLAST-n analysis. All samples yielded high-quality DNA with purity ratios appropriate for PCR amplification. PCR successfully amplified the mrjp2 gene, producing fragments of approximately 201-208 bp, consistent with the expected size for A. cerana. Sequence analysis showed percent identity values ranging from 99.20% to 100% when compared with reference sequences of A. cerana. Based on molecular verification, three samples (H3, H5, and H7) did not match the seller’s claims and were confirmed to originate from A. cerana rather than A. dorsata binghami. These findings demonstrate that sequencing of the mrjp2 gene is an effective and reliable approach to authenticate the entomological origin of honey and to detect fraudulent labeling in commercial honey products. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1082 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.39-44 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 39-44 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1082/547 Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Budiarsa, Manap Trianto, Akram, Yulia Windarsih, Abdul Ashari

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1392 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Designing Interactive Online Atlas of Mammalian Anatomy (Cavia cobaya) Luthfi, Muhammad Ja'far Riyanto, Riyanto AtlasAnatomy.org; Online anatomy atlas; Vertebrates; Reptile; Interactive atlas This research is an integration between fields of Biology, Photography, Design, and Informatics Engineering. The study aimed to develop an interactive online atlas of mammalian anatomy to improve the accessibility and data sharing (free access) of mammalian anatomy. Website was developed using SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) which consists of five steps as follows: website’s strategic planning, determine the scope of website, website’s requirements analysis, design and implementations of website, and testing. Based on the results of testing and system implementation, it can be concluded that online interactive atlas (AtlasAnatomy.org) had been successfully built as anatomical educational media of mammal. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-03-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1392 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1625-1628 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1625-1628 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1392/568 Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ja'far Luthfi, Riyanto Riyanto

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1109 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Cytotoxic Activity and Apoptocic Induction of Dicloromethane Fraction Nauclea subdita on WiDr Colon Cancer Cell Kurniawan, Hengki Masriani, Masriani Muharini, Rini Apoptocic; Cell Cycle; Cytotoxic; Nauclea subdita Colon cancer is one of the most deadly cancers in the world. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often limited, especially in metastatic cancer. Therefore, the development of alternative therapies, such as chemoprevention, becomes very important. This study aimed to test the anticancer potential of bengkal (Nauclea subdita) stem bark against WiDr colon cancer cells through cytotoxic, cell cycle, and apoptocic assays. The stem bark of bengkal was extracted using n-hexane and ethanol, then fractionated using dichloromethane (DCM). The results of the cytotoxic test using the MTT method showed that the DCM pH 3 fraction had the highest cytotoxic potential with an IC50 value of 112.81 ± 22.55 µg/mL against WiDr cells. However, the Selectivity Index (IS) value of the DCM pH 3 fraction showed low selectivity (<2). Cell cycle assay using flow cytometry indicated that DCM pH 3 fraction was able to inhibit cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, apoptocic test with Annexin V-FTIC/PI method showed that DCM fraction pH 3 triggered apoptocic mechanism in WiDr cancer cells. This study provides preliminary evidence that DCM fraction pH 3 of bengkal stem bark has anticancer potential against WiDr colon cancer cells, thus DCM fraction pH 3 of bengkal stem bark can be a source of WiDr colon anticancer agent. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1109 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.285-292 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 285-292 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1109/578 Copyright (c) 2026 Hengki Kurniawan, Masriani Masriani, Rini Muharini

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1228 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Multi-Conformation Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study of Neolignan Compounds from Ocimum sanctum L. Targeting Estrogen Receptor Alpha Fauzi, Fawwaz Muhammad Kameliani, Desti Estrogen receptor alpha; in silico study; molecular dynamics simulation; neolignan; Ocimum sanctum L. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-mediated breast cancer is the main target of hormone therapy. However, the long-term use of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) however, can lead to side effects and resistance. This study evaluated how well selected phenolic derivatives from Ocimum sanctum L. to various ER? conformations and to assess the initial stability of selected ligand-receptor complexes in silico. Five compounds, dominated by the neolignan group with one flavonoid derivative, were molecularly docked against four ERalpha structures representing the apo, agonist, and SERM states using AutoDock-GPU, with method validation through co-crystal ligand redocking. The binding affinity and key residue interactions were analyzed to assess cross-conformation consistency. The most stable ligand candidates were further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations for 30 ns in the agonist and SERM conformations to evaluate the initial structural stabilities of the protein–ligand complexes. The docking results showed that most compounds had ERalpha conformation-dependent affinity; however, Tulsinol D exhibited the most consistent affinity profile and maintained interactions with key ERalpha residues across all tested conformations. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the ERalpha–Tulsinol D complex had good initial stability, characterized by protein backbone stability, reasonable residue flexibility, maintained structural compactness, and stable ligand positioning within the binding pocket. Based on these results, Tulsinol D has potential as an in silico candidate inhibitor of ER? based on phenolic metabolites from O. sanctum and warrants further investigation through advanced computational studies and experimental validation. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1228 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.411-420 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 411-420 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1228/599 Copyright (c) 2026 Fawwaz Muhammad Fauzi, Desti Kameliani

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1215 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Bacteriological Quality of Raw Cow Milk Obtained from Fulanis Within University of Abuja Environment Zubair, Abdulgafar Omeiza Zubair, Jemilat Oyiza Muhammed, Rofiat Oyine Medicine Journal Raw milk; Total bacterial load; coliform counts; contamination; safety Milk is a highly nutritious food that can serve as a suitable medium for microbial growth if not properly handled. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of raw cow milk obtained from Fulani herders within the University of Abuja environment with emphasis on the prevalence of bacterial species and their potential public health implications. Twenty raw milk samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques, including serial dilution and spread plate methods for enumeration, determination of total bacterial load and total coliform count, Gram staining and biochemical identification. Five bacterial species were isolated; Bacillus spp. (34.29%), Lactobacillus spp. (28.57%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.43%) and Escherichia coli (8.57%). The total bacterial load ranged from 5.5 × 108 to 1.15 × 109 CFU/mL, while total coliform counts ranged from 3.35 × 105 to 8.40 × 105 CFU/mL. The predominance of Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus and Lactobacillus reflects the natural microbial flora of raw milk, whereas the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli indicates contamination from handlers, equipment or the environment. These findings reveal significant microbial contamination and associated public health risks linked to raw milk consumption. The study underscores the need for improved hygienic practices during milking, handling, and storage to reduce contamination and ensure consumer safety. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1215 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.555-559 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 555-559 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1215/615 Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulgafar Omeiza Zubair, Jemilat Oyiza Zubair, Rofiat Oyine Muhammed

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1226 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Anatomical Characteristics and Fiber Morphology of Palmyra Wood (Borassus Flabellifer L.) Originating from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province Davinsy, Rynaldo Adrin, Adrin Putri, Lora Septrianda Pobas, Melkianus Manek, Luisa Moi Aryani, Ni Kade Ayu Dewi Purba, Mahardika Putra Renoat, Emi Rua Ora, Yudhistira Ardhyana Nugraha Kristinawanti, Ika So, Kristianto Wibison Benu, Yakub anatomical characteristics; fiber morphology; palmyra wood; timor island Palmyra wood (Borassus flabellifer L) is a widely distributed palm species in tropical Asia, including East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). Its wood has potential applications in construction, handicrafts, and bioenergy, making anatomical and fiber morphology studies essential for understanding its value and utilization. This research used palmyra wood samples from Timor Island, Kupang, in the form of discs with a diameter of approximately 30 cm, taken from the base, middle, and upper parts of the stem. Test specimens were prepared in 2 × 2 × 5 cm dimensions, and analyses were conducted following standard procedures. The results revealed that palmyra wood possesses anatomical characteristics typical of palms, namely collateral closed-type vascular bundles irregularly scattered within parenchymatous ground tissue, with phloem located outside the xylem. Fiber morphology exhibited a gradual reduction in dimensions from the base to the tip of the stem, with fiber diameters ranging from 38.48 to 15.64 µm, wall thickness from 17.09 to 6.92 µm, and lumen diameters from 13.02 to 5.42 µm. The number of vascular bundles also decreased from 3.0 at the base to 1.21 at the tip, with bundle density ranging from 0.49 to 0.20/mm². Overall, palmyra wood exhibits stronger mechanical properties at the base of the trunk, as demonstrated by the anatomy and morphology of its fibers, thus increasing its biological durability. These findings highlight its potential as a structural material, craft resource, and bioenergy feedstock in dryland regions such as NTT. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Center for Research and Community Service (P3M) Politani Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang 2026-05-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1226 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.685-691 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 685-691 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1226/629 Copyright (c) 2026 Rynaldo Davinsy, Adrin Adrin, Lora Septrianda Putri, Melkianus Pobas, Luisa Moi Manek, Ni Kade Ayu Dewi Aryani, Mahardika Putra Purba, Emi Renoat, Yudhistira Ardhyana Nugraha Rua Ora, Ika Kristinawanti, Kristianto Wibison So, Yakub Benu

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/117 2021-07-22T06:52:01Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Isolation and Characterization of Stigmasterol from Fritillaria roylei Kaur, Gunpreet Gupta, Vikas Singhal, R G Bansal, Parveen Natural products; Pharmacognosy; Herbal drug Technology; Isolation; Kshirakakoli; Marker; Standardization; Stigmasterol Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is the threatened species of “Ashtwarga” group suffers lot of confusion for identification & authentification in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Due to lack of natural sources and insufficient availability of kshirakakoli, chances of adulteration and substitution increases which in turn leads to loss of faith of people in herbal drugs. Thus for identification and differentiation, quality standardization and quality assurance of kshirakakoli containing herbal formulations there is a need to isolate chemical marker compound using advanced analytical techniques. The methanol extract of root samples of plant was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. Marker compound was isolated from the extract using column chromatography. Single compound having Rf value 0.31 was isolated with TLC by using mobile phase n-hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (8:2:0.1 v/v/v) and purified by re-crystallization with methanol. Isolated compound was further characterized by using melting point and spectral analysis. The methanol extract was dark brown in color and showed the presence of steroids, amino acids and flavonoids. The isolated compound was found to be white crystalline powder with melting point range of 167-169°C. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Stigmasterol. In present study stigmasterol was isolated for the first time and can be used as chemical marker for identification and differentiation of the plant from its substitutes. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity National Medicinal Plants Board, New Delhi 2020-11-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/117 10.14421/biomedich.2020.92.77-80 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 9, No 2 (2020); 77-80 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/117/101 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/117/8 Copyright (c) 2020 Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, R G Singhal, Parveen Bansal

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/126 2022-01-11T09:15:52Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia? Sanadheera, Subhashinie Subasinghe, Deepanjana Solangaarachchi, Melissa Nethmi Suraweera, Manju Suraweera, Noshara Yushanthi Tharangika, Nadeesha Medicine; Natural Product Hibiscus rosasinensis; Hibiscus sabdariffa; diabetes; hypercholesterolemia According to traditional medicine, Hibiscus is used to treat hypertension, heart diseases and many other ailments. Commercially available Hibiscus tea is prepared with H. sabdariffa and is expensive. H. rosasinensis is the common variety which is abundant in tropical home-gardens, however the scientific data are lacking on the effects. The present review focuses on the available scientific data on the effects of H. rosasinensis on controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The endeavour was to identify whether H. rosasinensis flower petals as a ‘tea’ is effective for diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. Medical databases such as MEDLINE, BMC, BMJ, research gate, Mendelay literature search database, Google scholar and the general engine Google were searched from November 2018 to April 2019. Search was carried out using keywords such as “Hibiscus rosasinensis”, “antidiabetic effects”, “antihyperlipidemic effects”, “toxic effects”, “anti-inflammatory effects”, “phytochemicals in Hibiscus” etc. Data were critically analyzed to assess whether the effective doses of the research studies on a par with the doses present in H. rosasinensis teas. We found thirty-nine journal articles fulfilled the criteria. The data were categorized and extracted on uses of H. rosasinensis, anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-hypercholesterolemic effects and its phytochemicals. The review revealed that the dose of H. rosasinensis petals present in a home-made Hibiscus tea is theoretically sufficient to elicit anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Home-made Hibiscus tea is effective in controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia without causing acute toxicity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2021-07-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/126 10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.59-65 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 10, No 1 (2021); 59-65 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/126/117 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/126/9 Copyright (c) 2021 Subhashinie Sanadheera, Deepanjana Subasinghe, Melissa Nethmi Solangaarachchi, Manju Suraweera, Noshara Yushanthi Suraweera, Nadeesha Tharangika

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/173 2022-07-31T01:51:06Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Kidney Evaluation in Hyperuricemia Rats Treated with Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract Nugraheni, Putranty Widha Mahdi, Chanif Natural Product Chemistry; Medicine Journal Camellia sinensis L.; hyperuricemia; kidney creatinine; kidney histopathology; kidney malondialdehyde Uric acid is an oxidation product of the xanthine oxidase enzyme found in extracellular fluid, and when it exceeds, uric acid will build up and cause hyperuricemia. TNF-α is released by epithelial cells and mesangial cells when inflammation occurs and causes apoptosis in epithelial cells, causing damage to kidney structures and initiating acute kidney poisoning. Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) contains many antioxidants, especially flavonoids with potent antioxidant properties such as lipid peroxidase and free radical absorbers, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This study expresses the potential of green tea extract on kidney repair caused by HUA. Twenty-four male albino rats (175-225 g) of Wistar strain being fed a high purine diet in 60 consecutive days and divided into six groups randomly, I: negative control, II: positive control, III: allopurinol, IV: green tea extract 150mg of body weight, V: green tea extract 300mg of body weight, and VI: green tea extract 600mg of body weight. Treatment was done for 14 days and measured by total creatinine levels, malondialdehyde levels, and kidney histopathology. The statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis by SPSS 23.0 proved that green tea extract with a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight green could lower levels malondialdehyde of the kidney as much as 58.85% (p<0.01), decreased creatinine level by 24.5% (p>0.05), and improved kidney histopathology. This study proved that green tea extract is a promising alternative for hyperuricemia while improving kidney tissues and lowering malondialdehyde and creatinine levels. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2022-02-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/173 10.14421/biomedich.2022.111.17-26 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 11, No 1 (2022); 17-26 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/173/136 Copyright (c) 2022 Putranty Widha Nugraheni, Chanif Mahdi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/209 2022-09-20T02:36:50Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Volatile Oils from Morinda citrifolia and Beta vulgaris Leaves from Nigeria Onanuga, Adesegun Olusimba Okpala, Ejike Onwudiegwu Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry Morinda citrifolia L.; Beta Vulgaris L.; Antioxidant; free radical scavenging activity volatile oil Morinda citrifolia L. and Beta Vulgaris L leaves are both ethnomedicinal use for the treatment of arthritis, indigestion and skin infections with no reports on their essential oils compositions. The colourless volatile oils with a percentage yield of 0.6 and 0.4 (w/w) for Morinda citrifolia L. and Beta Vulgaris L respectively were obtained. Forty-five compounds representing 94.31 % of the total percentage compositions were identified in the leaf essential oil of M. citrifolia with the most abundant compound as 14-beta-H-pregna- (33.13%). Forty-eight compounds representing 74.18% of the total oil composition were identified in the leaf oil of B. Vulgaris with phytol (24.20%) as the dominant compound. The essential oils showed good free radical scavenging activity when compared to ascorbic acid used as control, with % inhibition varying from 88.74 ± 0.010 to 96.61 ± 0.004 as compared to 95.68 ± 0.010 to 97.31±0.003 of the ascorbic acid at (100 to 6.25 mg/ml) concentrations. The leaves essential oils of Morinda citrifolia L. and Beta Vulgaris L contains chemical compounds that might be responsible for their antioxidant activity. This result validates the traditional usage of these plants in the treatment of arthritis, indigestion and skin infections. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity None 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/209 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.161-167 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 11, No 2 (2022); 161-167 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/209/152 Copyright (c) 2022 Adesegun Olusimba Onanuga, Ejike Onwudiegwu Okpala

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/274 2023-08-09T16:42:43Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Potential Inhibition of ACE2 Membrane Protein by Flavone Glycosides for Blocking Entrance of SARS- CoV-2 into the Cells; a Computational Study Ibrahim, Ahsan Haq, Ehtisham Ul Medicine Journal; Natural products Chemistry ACE2 membrane protein; COVID-19; flavone glycosides; molecular docking analysis; SARS- CoV-2; spike proteins Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), since its emergence in Wuhan city of China in late 2019, had been a dilemma for the global healthcare system. Humongous efforts have been put in ascertaining the effective treatments for attenuation of the spread of corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this research study is to probe the potential inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) membrane protein by well-known flavone glycosides, hence preventing the binding of spike proteins with ACE2 and subsequent prevention of entry of SARS- CoV-2 inside the cells. The molecular docking analysis, for total ten flavone glycosides was carried out, that laid out propitious results in terms of binding energies towards the active residues of ACE2 protein with a range of -9.3 to -7.1 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation also yielded promising outcomes. The in-silico toxicity analysis of all the potential drug candidates was carried out that revealed that all the compounds were non-toxic and safe. Studies may be required for optimum formulation development using these compounds as a part of drug discovery and development phenomenon. This study may play a vital part in exploration of natural compounds in pharmacotherapy of COVID-19. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-01-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/274 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.97-108 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 97-108 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/274/170 Copyright (c) 2023 Ahsan Ibrahim, Ehtisham Ul Haq

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/299 2023-08-09T16:42:43Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antihypertensive Drugs Therapy in Hypertension and Covid-19 Comorbidity Moke, Emuesiri Goodies Ahama, Endurance Efe Toloyai, Pere-Ebi Yabrade Enaohwo, Mamerhi Taniyohwo Basil, Ekuerhare Umukoro, Emuesiri Kohworho Eduviere, Anthony Taghogho Udumebraye, Ikuesirioghene Udufowe, Choice The novel coronavirus (CoV) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 outbreak began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread to over 200 countries. Many comorbidities have shown to be associated with the severity of the viral infection with hypertension being one of the highest rated comorbidities since loss of the ACE2 receptor due to SARS-Cov-2 infection can lead to increased blood pressure. The effects and clinical characteristics associated with the use of beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and calcium-channel blockers (CCB) shows not to affect the outcome of covid-19, except in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) which may have negative outcomes on covid-19 infected patients. Many comorbidities have shown to be associated with the severity of the viral infection. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-02-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/299 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.191-196 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 191-196 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/299/181 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/299/41 Copyright (c) 2023 Emuesiri Goodies Moke, Endurance Efe Ahama, Pere-Ebi Yabrade Toloyai, Mamerhi Taniyohwo Enaohwo, Ekuerhare Basil, Emuesiri Kohworho Umukoro, Anthony Taghogho Eduviere, Ikuesirioghene Udumebraye, Choice Udufowe

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/314 2023-08-12T13:44:13Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Uncovering the Antioxidant Power: Investigating the Skin and Flesh of Crystal Guava with Chloroform and Methanol Extractions and DPPH Assay Ulmillah, Aulia Alghifari, Arif Widiani, Nurhaida Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry; Journal Natural Product; Antioxidant; DPPH; Chloroform; Crystal guava; Fruit flesh; Methanol; Peel; Crystal guava (Psidium guajava var. crystal) is one type of guava plant that has high economic value due to its thick flesh and few seeds. The crystal guava plant is believed to have antioxidant activity, which is a substance that can prevent the formation of free radicals in the body. This research aims to determine the level of antioxidants in chloroform and methanol extracts of the skin and flesh of crystal guava fruit using the DPPH method. Samples were taken through a stepwise maceration process and solvents of chloroform and methanol, then analyzed using probit analysis and SPSS 25 software. The results of the study showed that both chloroform and methanol extracts of the skin and flesh of crystal guava fruit have antioxidant activity. The results showed that the IC50 value of the chloroform extract of crystal guava fruit skin is 218.88 ppm and is classified as moderate, the methanol extract of crystal guava fruit skin is 89.78 ppm and is classified as strong, the chloroform extract of crystal guava fruit flesh is 270.56 ppm and is classified as weak, and the methanol extract of crystal guava fruit flesh is 185.72 ppm and is classified as moderate. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-03-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/314 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.323-328 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 323-328 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/314/195 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/314/42 Copyright (c) 2023 Aulia Ulmillah, Arif Alghifari, Nurhaida Widiani

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/372 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Proximate and Mineral Composition of Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Sanni, Joseph Adaviruku Sanni, Grace Omayoza Awoniyi, Rufus Ranmilowo Osanyinlusi, Remi Richards, Yvonne Ego Biology, Medicine, Natural Product Chemistry Proximate composition; Mineral content; Scomber scombrus; Trachurus trachurus Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), locally known as kote, are fishery species consumed in Nigeria due to their high nutritional values. This research determined the nutritional composition of the local dried fish, Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus. Results for Scomber scombrus shows the mean value of the moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents in percent (%) as: 5.26±0.00, 5.20±0.10, 35.60±0.00, 2.90±0.10 and 46.30±0.01 respectively. For Trachurus trachurus, the moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude protein contents in percent (%) were 9.52±0.00, 32.26±0.01, 24.14±0.00, 11.91±0.85 and 40.95±0.00 respectively. The mineral composition of Scomber scombrus was as follows: Sodium (Na) had the highest mineral composition with 78.90 mg/100g, followed by magnesium (Mg) with 15.90 mg/100g, manganese (Mn) with 0.86 mg/100g, zinc (Zn) with 0.282 mg/100g, and iron (Fe) with 0.10 mg/100g. Trachurus trachurus has magnesium (Mg) at 27.00 mg/100g as its highest mineral composition, followed by sodium (Na) at 22.50 mg/100g, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) at 0.17 mg/100g, and manganese (Mn) at 0.09 mg/100g. It is concluded from the study, that Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus are good sources of essential nitrates, fat, proteins containing essential amino acids, and other micronutrients that are beneficial to human health. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Grace Omayoza Sanni, Rufus Ranmilowo Awoniyi, Remi Osanyinlusi, Yvonne Ego Richards 2023-08-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/372 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.457-461 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 457-461 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/372/213 Copyright (c) 2023 Joseph Adaviruku Sanni, Grace Omayoza Sanni, Rufus Ranmilowo Awoniyi, Remi Osanyinlusi, Yvonne Ego Richards

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/399 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

In silico Study on Structural Inhibition of Bacterial DNA Gyrase by Major Secondary Metabolites Found in Grape Seed Extract Lawan, Haritha Tharakee, Hashitha Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry; Computational chemistry Grape seed extract; Polyphenols; catechin; molecular Docking; Pharmacokinetic; Physicochemical In the early 20th century, during the era of investigating and identifying essential “vitamins”, scientific research focused on grape seed extracts and their bioactive components, particularly polyphenols. Extensive studies have demonstrated that grape seed extract, rich in proanthocyanidins, offers protection against a wide spectrum of diseases, encompassing inflammation, cardiac ailments, peptic ulcers, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and microbial infections. To explore potential secondary metabolites within grape seed extract that could serve as structural inhibitors of bacterial DNA Gyrase, molecular docking studies were performed. The docking results revealed that two phytochemicals, namely (-)-catechin and Procyanidin-B2, exhibited the highest potency in inhibiting DNA gyrase subunit B. Subsequent in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameter predictions were conducted using specialized web servers for the examined phytochemicals. Notably, (-)-catechin displayed superior inhibitory and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) characteristics, suggesting its potential for utilization in synthesizing novel antibacterial compounds. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-11-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/399 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.585-592 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 585-592 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/399/233 Copyright (c) 2023 Haritha Lawan, Hashitha Tharakee

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/442 2024-07-03T02:37:47Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Potency and Physicochemical Profiles of Eucalyptus pellita Leaf Waste Essential Oil from PT Surya Hutani Jaya, East Kalimantan Wartomo, Wartomo Aryani, Farida Hernandi, Muhammad Fikri Rositah, Erna Ngapiyatun, Sri Sari, Nur Maulida Natural Products; Natural Product Chemistry; Ethnobotany; Bioinformatics Eucalyptus pellita; essential oils; antibacterial; α-Pinene; 1-β-Pinene Eucalyptus is one of the fast growing species plants, currently used in the pulp and paper industry. The leaves of Eucalyptus are known as forest harvesting waste. This research aim to examine the antibacterial potency and the physicochemical profiles of Eucalyptus pellita leaves waste essential oils grown in PT Surya Hutani Jaya Site 32, East Kalimantan named EP B077. The essential oils distilled using water and steam distillation methods. Analysis of physicochemical profiles from this oil included yield, colour, refractive index, specific gravity, and chemical compositions by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity assayed by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptoccoccus sobrinus and Streptoccoccus mutans with slight modification. The results showed that EP B077 had the yellow colour, yield oils was 0.44%, 1.471 of refractive index, and 0.8706 of specific gravity. Chemical components of EP B077 oils were dominated by α-Pinene (40.36%), 1-β-Pinene (31.75%), Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- (9.64%), Trans(β)-Caryophyllene (4.29%) and Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (3.88%). This EP B077 oils was active to inhibit bacteria against S. epidermidis and S. sobrinus range from 9-15 mm, also against S.mutans ranging from 9-14 mm. Based on the results, this Eucalyptus pellita leaves named EP B077 had potential to develop as a new source of essential oil and antibacterial agents. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda 2024-03-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/442 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.693-697 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 693-697 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/442/251 Copyright (c) 2024 Wartomo, Farida Aryani, Muhammad Fikri Hernandi, Erna Rositah, Sri Ngapiyatun, Nur Maulida Sari

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/522 2024-09-17T07:30:42Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa against Biofilm-producing Bacteria Uropathogens Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad Abubakar, Keta Biman Luka, Jordana Abubakar, Aisha Abdullahi, Tukur Baba Barau, Saminu Hamman Biology; Medicine; Natural product chemistry Bacteria; Phytochemical; Biofilm; Uropathogens; Nigella sativa This study explores the antibacterial effects of Nigella sativa seeds on bacteria obtained from clinical samples. The aim was to assess the antibacterial properties of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa seeds against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. The three samples were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory of Modibbo Adamawa Medical Centre and were reconfirmed using culture, microscopy, and some biochemical tests. The seed samples of N. sativa were procured from herbal point Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The phytochemical assay of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids in both extracts. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by the aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.30 ±0.61 mm, 8.10 ±2.17 mm, and 12.00 ±0.29 mm, respectively. However, the methanol extract exhibited slightly greater activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters of 12.10 ±0.38 mm and 13.80 ±0.40 mm, respectively. Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 mg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. Similarly, for P. aeruginosa, the MIC was 25 mg/mL for methanol extract and 50 mg/mL for aqueous extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for both extracts against S. aureus and E. coli was determined to be 25 mg/mL. However, for P. aeruginosa, the MBC was 25 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 50 mg/mL for the methanol extract. The study indicates that N. sativa seed extract possesses antibacterial properties against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, underscoring its potential as an effective medicinal antibacterial agent. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Abdulazeez Mumsiri Abaka Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru Keta Biman Abubakar Jordana Luka Aisha Abubakar Tukur Baba Abdullahi Saminu Hamman Barau 2024-05-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/522 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.141-146 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 141-146 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/522/266 Copyright (c) 2024 AbdulAzeez Mumsiri Abaka, Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Keta Biman Abubakar, Jordana Luka, Aisha Abubakar, Tukur Baba Abdullahi, Saminu Hamman Barau

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/448 2025-02-27T07:04:38Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Potential of Soursop Leaf Extract as an Antioxidant in MCF-7 Cells Mustofa, Muhammad Samsul Hadi, Restu Syamsul Rahmah, Nunung Ainur Pendrianto, Pendrianto Breast cancer; GSH; MCF-7; MDA; soursop leaf The frequency of breast cancer tends to increase. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress as an end product from the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation. The use of traditional medicine soursopleaf (Annona muricata L.) has been reported for a long time because of its bioactivity as an antioxidant. This study analyzes the relationship between MDA levels and glutathione enzymes in MCF-7 cells given the methanol extract of soursop leaves. The methanol extract of soursop leaves was carried out by infusion method. The methanol extract of soursop leaves was given to cancer cells at several doses with an incubation of 24 hours. The cytotoxic test was carried out using the MTT method. Measurement of MDA levels was carried out using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS/TBA) reactivity test method. GSH measurements used the colorimetric method. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of soursop leaves have cytotoxic activity in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50 values of 23.96 ppm. Ethanol extract of soursop leaves increased levels of MDA inhibition and GSH level. Soursop leaf extract could increase MDA inhibition GSH level in human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-08-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/448 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.265-269 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 265-269 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/448/244 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/448/60 Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Samsul Mustofa, Restu Syamsul Hadi, Nunung Ainur Rahmah, Pendrianto Pendrianto

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/571 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Activity Screening of Bacillus sp. AM12 Associated with Mangrove Soil Natania, Evellyne Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede Widhidewi, Ni Wayan Biology, Natural Product, Infectious Diseases, Medicine antibacterial; bacterial infections; bioprospecting; natural products The use of synthetic antibiotics to treat bacterial infections can trigger resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics. One effort to overcome this is to explore microorganisms that produce antibacterial compounds from nature. A previous study reported isolates of Bacillus sp. AM12 from mangrove soil displayed antibacterial potential based on preliminary screening of the perpendicular streak test. This study was designed to confirm the antibacterial potential of Bacillus sp. AM12 uses chemical solvent extraction. Bacillus sp. AM12 was fermented in 100 mL liquid ISP-2 sterile and shaken at 150 rpm for 7 days. The supernatant was filtered from the cell mass using Whatman paper and extracted using 100 mL of ethyl acetate solvent (1:1, v/v) twice. The filtrate was evaporated at 40ºC until a thick, clear yellowish colored extract was obtained. The thick extract was tested for antibacterial activity using the Kirby-Bauer method against two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacterial targets. Antibacterial screening showed moderate diameter zone of inhibition of 6.72 ± 0.21 mm, 6.82 ± 0.15 mm, and 6.62 ± 0.21 mm against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans FNCC 0405, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70060, respectively. However, no antibacterial activity was observed against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Analysis of the chemical composition of ethyl acetate crude extracts using GC-MS has detected 10 different compounds, in which the 3 most dominant antibacterial compounds were Benzene, 1,2,4-Trimethyl-, Benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- and 2-butoxyethyl acetate. In general, these results provide an initial description of Bacillus sp. AM12 is a potential of antibacterial producer. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity This research was financially funded by Hibah Penelitian Fundamental Direktorat Riset, Teknologi dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Tahun 2023 awarded to Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat no grant 3538/LL8 2024-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/571 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.373-379 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 373-379 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/571/297 Copyright (c) 2024 Evellyne Natania, Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, Ni Wayan Widhidewi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/600 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Effect of Trichosanthes cucumerina Methanol Extract on CRP and Fibrinogen Levels in Diabetic Ulcer Rat Models Shafriani, Nazula Rahma Astuti, Tri Dyah Amri, Shofy Farha Aulia Permana, Riski Aditya Fridhoriansyah, Zuvi Maharani, Intan Medicine Trichosanthes cucumerina; Ulcus diabetic; CRP; Fibrinogen Diabetic ulcers can be fatal for people with long-term diabetes. This is caused by the spread of diabetic ulcers and inadequate care for the wound, which can induce an infection and even death. This study aims to determine inflammatory markers, specifically fibrinogen and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), as indicators of healing, particularly in a rat model of diabetic ulcers treated with Trichosanthes cucumerina methanol extract. The methods used were making extracts, measuring blood glucose levels, measuring CRP, and measuring fibrinogen levels in 25 male Wistar rats. Based on the results of glucose and fibrinogen examinations in all groups before treatment and after treatment, it showed a decrease in glucose and fibrinogen levels. Meanwhile, the results of CRP examinations, before and after treatment did not show any differences. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference of p<0.05 in pre and post glucose, as well as pre and post fibrinogen.The extract that reduced fibrinogen levels the most was group 3 with 500 mg/KgBW. Meanwhile, CRP levels before and after treatment did not show a decrease. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-10-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/600 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.493-496 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 493-496 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/600/318 Copyright (c) 2024 Nazula Rahma Shafriani, Tri Dyah Astuti, Shofy Farha Aulia Amri, Riski Aditya Permana, Zuvi Fridhoriansyah, Intan Maharani

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/569 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Comparison of Interleukin-1b-511 C/T Polymorphism in Schizophrenia of Batak and Minangkabau Ethnicities in Pematang Siantar Wijaya, Raysha Awlia Fachrial, Edy Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich Ariatama, Bayu Polymorphism; Schizophrenia; Batak; Minangkabau; ethnicities This research is an overview of a comparative study on the Interleukin-1β-511 C/T polymorphism in individuals with schizophrenia of Batak and Minangkabau ethnicities in Pematang Siantar, Indonesia. The study aims to investigate genetic differences among these ethnic groups to better understand susceptibility to schizophrenia, which is influenced by multiple factors including genetics. The research uses a comparative categorical analytic approach with a cross-sectional method and involves DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) examinations. Based on the results,  significant demographic differences between the Batak and Minangkabau ethnic groups, particularly in gender distribution, age, onset of illness, duration of illness, and PANSS scores. Notably, it finds a significant difference in the occurrence of the C allele and the T allele between the two ethnic groups, with the C allele being more prevalent in the Minangkabau group and the T allele more so in the Batak group. This suggests that the IL-1β -511 C/T polymorphism may play a differential role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia among these ethnicities, indicating a potential for ethnic-specific risk factors or protective elements. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/569 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.601-608 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 601-608 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/569/329 Copyright (c) 2024 Raysha Awlia Wijaya, Edy Fachrial, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Bayu Ariatama

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/568 2025-09-26T01:45:57Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Subacute Toxicity Study of Leaf Extract of Saccharum officinarum Edem, Utibe A Okokon, Jude E Natural product, Pharmacology; medicinal plants;Biology, Toxicology Saccharum officinarum; haematological parameters; kidney function; liver function Saccharum officinarum (Family-Poaceae) is used traditionally to treat malaria and fever, among others. Evaluation of subacute administration ethanol leaf extract of Saccharum officinarum for possible effect on hematological indices, liver and kidney functions, and lipid profile of rats was carried out. The leaf extract (170, 340, 510 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male Wistar rats daily for 30 days, and the rats were sacrificed under light diethyl ether anesthesia after the administration. Subacute administration of S. officinarum leaf extract resulted in an insignificant increase in the body weights of rats without any significant (p>0.05) effect on the weights of liver and kidney when compared to control. The leaf extract treatment did not affect WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, and basophil percentages. However, it caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in RBC and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV percentage, especially at the middle dose (374 mg/kg), and also prolonged bleeding and clotting time significantly (p<0.05) when compared to control.  The leaf extracts non-dose-dependently caused insignificant (p>0.05) decreases in total protein, albumin, and ALT levels. ALP was significantly (p<0.05) decreased at the highest dose (510 mg/kg). However, AST, total and conjugated bilirubin levels were significantly (p<0.01-0.001) decreased only at higher doses (340 and 510 mg/kg) of the extract. The leaf extract did not cause any significant (p>0.05) effect on urea, creatinine, potassium, and sodium as well as total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, and LDL levels of rats, but the highest dose (510 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) increased Cl level and reduced HDL level of rats when compared to control.  The leaf extract exerts mild to moderate effects on the histology of the livers and kidneys of rats. Chronic study is advocated to investigate the effect of prolonged administration of rats’ extract organs and systems. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-04-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/568 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.91-100 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 91-100 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/568/325 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/568/81 Copyright (c) 2025 Utibe A. Edem, Jude E. Okokon

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/693 2025-09-26T01:45:58Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Keji Beling Leaves Ethanol Extract (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.) Mahyantika, Seftya Putri Husain, Muhammad Hafizh Nirwana, Linggar Aldina, Devana Rahma Gemilang, Satria Nafisa, Nafisa Ramadhan, Majida Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Faisal, Faisal Biology Herbal Plant; Strobilanthes crispa; Phytochemical Screening; Flavonoids This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with AlCl3 reagent. The research process includes maximum wavelength testing, preparation of quercetin standard solution, and analysis of total flavonoid levels. The results showed that the total flavonoid content in the extract was 144.347 ± 134.854 mg QE/g extract, with an extract yield of 0.4% and extract moisture content of 5.256%, which showed good potential in preventing the growth of microorganisms. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, while saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids were not detected. These findings confirm the importance of secondary metabolite compounds in plants and the potential of keji beling leaf extract as a source of active compounds with health benefits, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides a basis for further research into the medical applications of this plant extract. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-06-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/693 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.219-224 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 219-224 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/693/364 Copyright (c) 2025 Seftya Putri Mahyantika, Muhammad Hafizh Husain, Linggar Nirwana, Devana Rahma Aldina, Satria Gemilang, Nafisa Nafisa, Majida Ramadhan, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer, Faisal

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/757 2025-09-26T01:45:59Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Encapsulation of Extracted Oil from Mentha piperita in Alginate Beads Shrestha, Kriti Kunwar, Manish Kunwar, Alina Pokharel, Prayan Natural Product Chemistry; Biotechnology; Food Science and Technology; Pharmaceutical Sciences Mentha piperita; Encapsulation; Alginate beads; Essential Oil Encapsulating essential oils derived from traditional medicinal flora within alginate beads represents an up-and-coming technique for enhancing their stability, bioavailability, and controlled release properties. In this study, we employed a Clevenger apparatus to extract the essential oil from Mentha piperita. The hydrodistillation process of M. piperita yielded an essential oil extraction of 0.27 ± 0.05%. The ionic gelation methodology facilitates the cross-linking of alginate with Calcium chloride, forming a gel-like matrix that effectively encapsulates essential oil droplets within stable, gelled beads. The essential oil-loaded beads were quantified spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 340 nm (λmax). Furthermore, we evaluated and characterized the beads for size, weight analysis, sphericity, swelling behavior, dissolution kinetics, pH stability, drying rate, and accelerated stability studies. The size of alginate beads exhibited a significant increase concomitant with an elevation in sodium alginate concentration. The release profile of the oil content demonstrated a more sustained and regulated release within a phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 as opposed to that observed in 0.1N HCl. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-07-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/757 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.337-343 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 337-343 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/757/388 Copyright (c) 2025 Kriti Shrestha, Manish Kunwar, Alina Kunwar, Prayan Pokharel

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/797 2025-09-26T01:45:59Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Potential of Kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) Fruit Juice Supplemented in Kombucha Beverage as Antibacterial Agent Nasution, Musyirna Rahmah Nabilah, Clara Djohari, Meiriza Nurhapipah, Nurhapipah Natural Product Chemistry Kombucha; Kedabu; Antibacterial; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus Riau Province has abundant natural resources of mangrove forests almost along the coast of Riau. Mangrove fruit can be developed into various processed foods, but processed foods derived from mangroves have not been widely developed and are of interest to coastal communities. Kombucha tea is a probiotic beverage produced through the fermentation of tea and sugar using a kombucha starter known as SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast). The presence of sugar in kombucha colonies is a vital source of nutrition. Additionally, fruit juice can be incorporated to create variations of kombucha tea. Kedabu fruit (Sonneratia ovata B.), a native fruit of Riau Province, is recognized for its high carbohydrate content and secondary metabolites, which exhibit potential antibacterial properties. This research developed four formulations of kombucha tea, each with different concentrations of kedabu fruit juice (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The study’s objectives were to formulate, evaluate the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of these formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The organoleptic properties, alcohol content, pH, %TTA (Total Acidity Titratable), total LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria), and yeast count were assessed during a 14-day fermentation period. The assay results indicated that the kombucha fruit kedabu tea formulation exhibited favorable organoleptic characteristics, a decrease in pH, an increase in %TTA, total LAB, and yeast count within the acceptable range defined by standards. Moreover, it displayed inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, falling within the weak to moderate categories. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Laboratory of Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau 2025-07-18 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/797 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.453-463 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 453-463 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/797/399 Copyright (c) 2025 Musyirna Rahmah Nasution, Clara Nabilah, Meiriza Djohari, Nurhapipah

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/761 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Enhancement of Mefenamic Acid–Isonicotinamide Crystalline Solid Dispersion Indra, Indra Apriani, Nurul Aprillia, Ade Yeni Wulandari, Winda Trisna Wardani, Gatut Ari Gustaman, Firman Crystalline solid dispersion; Dissolution improvement; Drug–co-former interaction; Mefenamic acid Poor aqueous solubility limits the bioavailability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like mefenamic acid. This study aims to improve the solubility and dissolution of mefenamic acid through crystalline solid dispersions using solvent evaporation and co-grinding techniques with selected co-formers. Solid dispersions were formulated at different drug-to-co-former ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. DSC results revealed reduced crystallinity, indicated by the disappearance of melting peaks and the appearance of a single glass transition temperature. FTIR analysis confirmed hydrogen bonding between the drug and co-former, while PXRD patterns showed a loss of long-range order, supporting the formation of amorphous phases. Dissolution testing demonstrated a significant increase in drug release, particularly in the 1:2 formulation, which outperformed the pure drug and other ratios. These results confirm that the choice of preparation method and co-former ratio critically influence the performance of solid dispersions. This study provides valuable insights into the design of improved oral formulations for poorly soluble drugs, contributing to the advancement of pharmaceutical technology Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/761 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.601-607 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 601-607 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/761/416 Copyright (c) 2025 Indra, Nurul Apriani, Ade Yeni Aprillia, Winda Trisna Wulandari, Gatut Ari Wardani, Firman Gustaman

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/818 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antimalaria Potential and Toxicological Evaluation of Synclisia scabrida (Miers) Ex Oliv Methanol Root Extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Model Nwaefulu, Ogochukwu Ngozi Nwafor, John Ihechukwu Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Amuchie, Ngozi Ezinwanne Akporotu, Blessing Synclisia scabrida; antimalaria; Plasmodium berghei; lipids; haematology Despite the artemisinin-based combination therapy for malaria treatment, it remains a public health concern globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antimalarial drugs to arrest this perceived threat to global malaria control. This study aims to investigate the antimalarial potential of S. scabrida (SS) and evaluate its possible effect on haematological and biochemical parameters. Malaria was inoculated in mice using Plasmodium berghei. After 72 h, they were orally treated for four days as follows: Group 1: 10 mL/kg % Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO); Group 2: 140 mg/kg Artemether/lumefantrine; Groups 3, 4 and 5: 500, 250, 125 mg/kg SS methanolic extract, respectively. SS methanolic extract significantly reduced parasite density and percentage parasitemia (p < 0.05) at all doses used in the study, non-significantly increased haematological, biochemical parameters and distorted liver architecture; when compared to the negative control. SS methanolic extract exhibited good antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. Lower SS dose did not cause significant changes to the lipid profiles. However, the high dose may not be safe since there were some adverse effects shown on the liver and kidney status. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of the middle and the lowest doses on the liver and kidney. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/818 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.707-715 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 707-715 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/818/427 Copyright (c) 2025 Ogochukwu Ngozi Nwaefulu, John Ihechukwu Nwafor, Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku, Ngozi Ezinwanne Amuchie, Blessing Akporotu

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/933 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Isolation, Morphological Characterization, Biochemistry, and Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Rice Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae Sihotang, Saipul Butar-Butar, Alfons Dwi Putra Nasution, Lita Rahma, Haliatur Trizelia, Trizelia Saragih, Magdalena Kuswardani, Retna Astuti Listiana, Ika Napitupulu, Beatrix Sofranes Biological Biocontrol; endophytic bacteria; Oryza sativa; Xanthomonas oryzae Endophytic bacteria have the potential as environmentally friendly biocontrol agents in controlling bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This study aims to isolate, characterize morphology and biochemical tests, and test the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria from rice against Xoo. Isolation was carried out from healthy rice root tissue using a surface sterilization method. Morphological characterization included colony shape, color, edge, elevation, and Gram properties, while biochemical characterization included catalase, oxidase, motility, starch hydrolysis, and sugar fermentation tests. The antagonistic test used a dual culture assay method on NA (nutrient agar) media. The isolation results obtained six endophytic bacterial isolates (BETP 01–06) identified as the genus Pseudomonas and Bacillus with varying colony morphological characters. Antimicrobial activity test showed two potential isolates, BETP 03 (Pseudomonas) and BETP 05 (Bacillus), with an average inhibitory diameter of 16.3 mm and 16.5 mm against Xoo, respectively. Biochemical characterization showed that BETP 03 was bacillus, Gram-negative, citrate-negative, motile, gelatin hydrolysis positive, starch hydrolysis positive, and catalase positive; while BETP 05 was bacillus, Gram-positive, citrate-positive, motile, gelatin hydrolysis negative, starch hydrolysis positive, and catalase positive. These results indicate that both isolates have high potential as biological biocontrol agents in controlling bacterial leaf blight disease in rice. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia 2025-10-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/933 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.825-829 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 825-829 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/933/449 Copyright (c) 2025 Saipul Sihotang, Alfons Dwi Putra Butar-Butar, Lita Nasution, Haliatur Rahma, Trizelia, Magdalena Saragih, Retna Astuti Kuswardani, Ika Listiana, Beatrix Sofranes Napitupulu

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/928 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Relationship Between Total IgE, Symptom Duration, VAS Scores, and Danyoung Classification in Allergic Rhinitis Tri Wirattami, Ayunita Agustina, Tanti Medicine; otorinolaringologi; Rhinology and Allergy Allergic rhinitis; Danyoung classification; total IgE; symptom duration; VAS score Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa triggered by allergies, with total IgE often used as a biomarker to assess disease severity. Objective: To analyze the relationship between total IgE levels, symptom duration, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and Danyoung Classification in AR patients. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted on 73 patients at the Allergy-Immunology Clinic of Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Total IgE levels were measured using the ELISA method, while VAS and nasal mucosa classification were assessed through anamnesis and nasoendoscopy. Results: The study showed68.5% of patients had IgE levels above 100 IU/ml, with an average of 982.97 IU/ml. Although higher IgE levels were often found in AR patients, there was no statistically significant correlation between IgE levels and Danyoung classification (significance value 0.924). The correlation test showed a coefficient of -0.11, indicating a negative correlation, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The nasal mucosa condition in patients with high IgE levels does not always reflect severe inflammation. In addition to IgE levels, external factors such as exposure to pollutants and cigarette smoke also play a role in the condition of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, while high IgE levels often indicate allergic reactions, this study found no significant relationship between IgE levels and AR severity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/928 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.957-960 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 957-960 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/928/464 Copyright (c) 2025 Ayunita Tri Wirattami, Tanti Agustina

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/978 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Methanol Extract of Gletang Flower (Tridax procumbens) Situmeang, Boima Musa, Weny JA Bialangi, Nurhayati Sriwijayanti, Sriwijayanti Widiyanto, Holisha Susvira, Dian natural product chemistry antibacterial; antioxidant; gletang; Tridax procumbens In a previous study, the methanol extract of Tridax procumbens flowers (commonly known as gletang) at high concentrations was reported to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. This study aimed to examine the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of gletang flowers. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using two methods, namely DPPH and ABTS assays. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method at concentrations of 1000, 5000, and 10000 ppm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Phytochemical screening revealed that the methanol extract of gletang flowers contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity tests showed very strong activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 6.8478 ± 1.335 and 12.8608 ± 0.579 ppm, respectively. The antibacterial activity tests showed that the methanol extract of gletang flowers exhibited strong activity against E. faecalis at concentrations of 5000 and 10000 ppm, with inhibition zone diameters of 3.00 ± 0.14 and 3.20 ± 0.14 mm, respectively. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Department of Chemistry, Sekolah Tinggi Analis Kimia Cilegon 2025-11-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/978 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1085-1090 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1085-1090 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/978/481 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/978/186 Copyright (c) 2025 Boima Situmeang, Weny JA Musa, Nurhayati Bialangi, Sriwijayanti, Holisha Widiyanto, Dian Susvira

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/908 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding on Stunting Children Among 12-24 Months: A Retrospective Study Modjo, Dewi Muhamad, Zuriati Aisyah P.S.P Oei, Aurelia Intan Sitty knowledge; exclusive breastfeeding; complementary feeding; children; stunting This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, as well as the incidence of stunting in children between the ages of 12-24 months. An observational analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach was applied to examine the relationship between independent variables (knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding) and the dependent variable (stunting). This study was conducted in the working area of the Kota Tengah Health Center working area. The results showed significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in children (r: 0.541) with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value < 0.05), as well as a significant relationship between complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in children (r: 0.332) with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value < 0.05). This study provides valuable information to mothers, highlighting the causes of stunting and promoting preventative measures to minimize its occurrence, such as carrying out consultations at the health care centre with personnel or professionals and addressing cases promptly. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-12-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/908 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1201-1206 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1201-1206 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/908/502 Copyright (c) 2025 Dewi Modjo, Zuriati Muhamad, Aurelia Intan Sitty Aisyah P.S.P Oei

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1030 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Utilization of QR Code Technology in Population Management and Identification of Cattle in Sindue District, Central Sulawesi Mujayin, Yudi Hauris, Hauris Fakhirah, Fitrah Pratiwi, Alda Digital transformation; perception; QR barcode; recording The implementation of a QR barcode-based recording system in Sindue District aimed to improve livestock management efficiency. However, digital transformation in rural livestock management faces challenges such as a lack of technological understanding and limited smartphone access. The objective of this study was to analyze livestock farmers' perceptions of the recording system and digital transformation. The method used in this study was a survey with structured interviews (questionnaires) with 66 sample livestock farmers. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and correlation. The results showed that farmers' perceptions of QR barcode technology fell into the "Quite Agree" category, with a total score of 398. The knowledge subvariable showed limited understanding of QR barcode technology (63.8% did not understand), but awareness of its benefits received a high response (83.3% agreed). The socio-cultural aspect received a very positive response (score 195), while the constraints subvariable received a low response (score 106). Farmers support the implementation of a digital QR barcode recording system, although implementation remains hampered by limited technical understanding. Furthermore, correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between the recording system and digital technology (p < 0.05), with the strongest relationship being between sociocultural aspects and constraints (r = 0.750). Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-12-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1030 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1331-1338 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1331-1338 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1030/514 Copyright (c) 2025 Yudi Mujayin, Hauris, Fitrah Fakhirah, Alda Pratiwi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1085 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of a New Variety of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Akmalia, Hafidha Asni Pranatami, Dwimei Ayudewandari Biology; Natural Product antioxidant activity; Baroma variety; GC-MS analysis; flavonoid; phenol Consuming foods rich in antioxidants plays an important role in human health, one of which is through rice. This research aimed to describe the total phenol content and total flavonoids content as well as GC-MS analysis of raw Baroma rice extract and analyze the antioxidant activity of Baroma rice in different cooking methods. Baroma rice was collected from Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia thus was analyzed to get data about total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and compouds identifies using GC-MS. We also analyzed antioxidant activity of Baroma rice among raw, rice cooked in stove and magic com extract using Anova test followed by Tukey test. The result proved that total phenol content was 85.64 mg/L and total flavonoid content was 78.28 mg/L, meanwhile the highest antioxidant activity was in raw extract of Baroma followed by rice cooked in magic com and stove, suggesting that cooking method effected on its property. GC-MS analysis showed the diversity of chemical compound, totaling 15 compounds and peaks. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-01-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1085 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1469-1476 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1469-1476 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1085/523 Copyright (c) 2026 Hafidha Asni Akmalia, Dwimei Ayudewandari Pranatami

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1046 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract and Seburo Leaf Fraction (Garcinia forbesii King) in Male Wistar Rats Induced by CCl4 Salni, Salni Agustiarini, Vitri Nurhasana, Gina Biology Catalase; CCl4; Garcinia forbesii King; liver; histopathology; MDA; Seburo (Garcinia forbesii King) leaves have long been used in traditional medicine in Eastern Indonesia. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated their significant antioxidant potential. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition and evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts and solvent fractions of Seburo leaves using a CCl?-induced hepatotoxicity model in male Wistar rats. Antioxidant efficacy was assessed through measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase enzyme activity, and both macroscopic and histopathological evaluation of liver tissue. Rats were divided into six groups: negative control (1% Na-CMC), positive control (vitamin C, 10 mg/kg BW), and four treatment groups receiving ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol-water fraction (each at 100 mg/kg BW). The n-hexane fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with significantly lower MDA levels (0.748 ± 0.061 nmol/mL) and higher catalase activity (27.694 ± 1.135 U/mL), comparable to the positive control. Liver examination revealed reduced tissue damage in all treatment groups compared to the negative control. GC-MS analysis identified key terpenoid compounds in ethanol extract, namely, lupeol, ?-copaene, phytol, and friedelan-3-one, likely contributing to the antioxidant activity. N-hexane fraction has the most significant antioxidant activity among fractions, presumably as it contains the most diverse phytochemical profile. These findings support the therapeutic potential of Seburo leaf as a natural antioxidant agent.   Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1046 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1-14 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 1-14 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1046/524 Copyright (c) 2026 Salni, Vitri Agustiarini, Gina Nurhasana

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1093 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Sustainable Valorization of Corncob Residues through Green Lignin Extraction for Functional Sunscreen Applications Pambudi, Teguh Umam, Hilman Imadul Rachmawati Putri, Fajar Amelia Zuhri, Alifa Rahma Salsabila S., Nanda Aurelia Halimah, Melisa Nur Bruning, Sheryl Ayesha Vioniken, Elzandra Imola Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry; Biology Lignocellulosic Biomass; Corncob; Deep Eutectic Solvent; Lignin; Bio-based Sunscreen Corncob residues represent an abundant agricultural biomass rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer containing benzene and ketone functional groups, exhibits inherent ultraviolet (UV) absorption, positioning it as a promising bio-based ingredient for sustainable sunscreen formulations. In this study, lignin was extracted from corncob residues—comprising 18.5% hemicellulose, 23.5% cellulose, and 16.5% lignin—using a green deep eutectic solvent (DES) system composed of choline chloride and citric acid, and benchmarked against conventional alkaline extraction using NaOH. FTIR analysis revealed attenuated peak intensities in DES-extracted lignin, indicating lower recovery and partial structural alteration relative to the NaOH-derived counterpart. Extraction yields were 10.06% for the DES method and 16.19% for the NaOH method. Sunscreen formulations containing 2%, 3%, and 4% lignin exhibited appreciable UV absorption, particularly within the UVA region, with the highest performance observed at 4% lignin loading. These results highlight the feasibility of valorizing corncob biomass through environmentally benign lignin extraction to produce functional bio-based materials for sustainable sunscreen applications. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1093 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.119-125 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 119-125 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1093/559 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/1093/211 Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Pambudi, Hilman Imadul Umam, Fajar Amelia Rachmawati Putri, Alifa Rahma Zuhri, Nanda Aurelia Salsabila S., Melisa Nur Halimah, Sheryl Ayesha Bruning, Elzandra Imola Vioniken

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1171 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Innovation of Iron Nanoparticles from Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.): an In Vitro Study Ma'rifah, Shofia Jannatul Azizah, Nur Jamilah, Zahrotul Syarivah, Thoifatus Putri, Nabiilah Rifda Harmono Ramadhan, Majida Jayanti, Gatra Ervi Biology-Biotechnology Antibacterial; In Vitro; Iron nanoparticles; Pomegranate peel extract; Punica granatum L. Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel extract using ethanol as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized Fe-NPs against pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) was assessed using the well diffusion method. The morphology, structure, size, and atomic distribution on the surface of Fe-NPs were characterized using SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Different pH conditions (5, 7, and 9) were investigated as experimental factors for Fe-NPs preparation. The results revealed mostly irregular spherical shapes with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 89 nm, with the smallest size observed at pH 9. UV-Vis spectra confirmed the formation of Fe-NPs, appearing in the UV region around 230-295 nm. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds from the pomegranate peel extract, which facilitated Fe-NPs stabilization and acted as bioreductants. Upon reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(0), oxidation of O-H and C-O functional groups occurred. The diameters of inhibition zones against the tested bacteria were 16 mm at pH 5, 13 mm at pH 7, and 15 mm at pH 9, indicating strong antibacterial activity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Kementrian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi (DITJEN DIKTIRISTEK) Direktorat Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan (BELMAWA) Universitas Islam Malang, particularly the Laboratorium Terpadu 2026-04-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1171 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.245-252 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 245-252 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1171/581 Copyright (c) 2026 Shofia Jannatul Ma'rifah, Nur Azizah, Zahrotul Jamilah, Thoifatus Syarivah, Nabiilah Rifda Harmono Putri, Majida Ramadhan, Gatra Ervi Jayanti

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1178 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Potential of Red Algae Methanol Extract (Kappaphycus alvarezii) as an Antibacterial Agent Toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria Novitasari, Nabila Yulianti, Evy Mercuriani, Ixora Sartika Sugiyarto, Lili Ariyanti, Nur Aeni Medicine Antibacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Urinary Tract Infection; Kappaphycus alvarezii; Pseudomonas aeruginosa Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Red algae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) contain bioactive compounds derived from secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study investigates the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii methanol extract to inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using the microdilution broth method, determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from a concentration of 500 µg/mL to 1.9531 µg/mL. To elucidate the inhibition mechanism, nucleic acid, protein, and Ca2+ ion leakage assay were performed via spectrophotometry at MIC 1, MIC 2, and MIC 3 concentrations. Morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane were further examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at MIC 2. The results demonstrated that, the methanol extract of K. alvarezii exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria with an MIC value of 1.9531 µg/mL, but showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract inducted membrane leakage, as indicated by a higher leakage value compared to negative controls and commercial antibiotics. In addition, the methanol extract of K. alvarezii caused alterations in bacterial cells. These findings highlight the potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii methanol extract as a promising antibacterial agent. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Yogyakarta State University Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University, Molecular Medicine and Therapy Laboratory 2026-04-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1178 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.%p Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 365-372 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1178/597 Copyright (c) 2026 Nabila Novitasari, Evy Yulianti, Ixora Sartika Mercuriani, Lili Sugiyarto, Nur Aeni Ariyanti

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1207 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Plant Lice Species (Suborder: Sternorrhyncha) on Ornamental Plants in Kampal Village and Surrounding Areas Nurhaliza, Delia Masrianih, Masrianih Trianto, Manap Buntu, Amalia Windarsih, Yulia Alibasyah, Lestari MP Biological; Biology; Journal Biology Diaspididae; Plant Lice; Pseudococcidae; Sternorrhyncha; Ornamental Plants Plant lice (Suborder: Sternorrhyncha) are important pests of ornamental plants, capable of causing physical damage and transmitting plant pathogens. These insects pose a significant threat as they can reduce growth, impair physiological functions, and even cause plant death. Their feeding activity affects leaves, stems, and flowers, thereby reducing overall plant health and aesthetic value. Understanding the diversity and host associations of these pests is essential for effective management. This study aimed to identify the species of Sternorrhyncha plant lice present on ornamental plants in Kampal Village, Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using purposive sampling to collect specimens from different plant parts, including shoots, leaves, flowers, and stems. Observations were recorded and analyzed to determine species composition, host range, and infestation patterns. A total of 25 ornamental plant species belonging to 16 families were observed as host plants. Some plant families, such as Euphorbiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rubiaceae, Palmae, Rutaceae, Araceae, and Agavaceae, were infested by more than one plant louse family, while individual plant species could host multiple louse families simultaneously. Seventeen Sternorrhyncha species were identified, distributed across seven families: Pseudococcidae (6 species), Coccidae (3), Diaspididae (2), Aphididae (2), Margarodidae (2), and Aleyrodidae and Ortheziidae (1 species each). These results provide baseline data on the diversity and distribution of Sternorrhyncha plant lice in Kampal Village. Such information is critical for developing targeted pest management strategies to protect ornamental plants and maintain their health and aesthetic value in residential and cultivated areas. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-12 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1207 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.505-512 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 505-512 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1207/611 Copyright (c) 2026 Delia Nurhaliza, Masrianih Masrianih, Manap Trianto, Amalia Buntu, Yulia Windarsih, Lestari M.P Alibasyah

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1216 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Floristic and ethnobotanical diversity of plants used in traditional craftsmanship in the Kimvula Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo Lassa, Lemmy Ilumbe, Guy Ngbolua, Jean Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa Bikandu, Blaise Mawunu, Monizi Habari, Jean Pierre Biloso, Apollinaire Masens, Da Musa Lukoki, Félicien Handcrafted plants; Ethnobotany; Traditional knowledge; Sustainable resource management; Kimvula Territory; Democratic Republic of Congo The Kimvula Territory in the Democratic Republic of the Congo exhibits intensive use of forest plants in traditional craftsmanship, encompassing agricultural tools, furniture, and household artefacts. This ethnobotanical investigation (2014–2016), based on structured interviews and field observations, aimed to document and analyse indigenous knowledge related to artisanal plant use. A total of 76 species belonging to 67 genera and 32 families were recorded, with Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Marantaceae, and Rubiaceae being the most represented families. Prominent species included Elaeis guineensis, Eremospatha haullevilleana, Raphia spp., Alstonia congensis, and Ricinodendron heudelotii, with stems identified as the most commonly used plant part. Millettia laurentii exhibited the highest ethnobotanical use value, while several species showed strong consensus among respondents. Variation in species use between communities reflected both ecological availability and socio-cultural preferences. These findings highlight the pivotal role of forest biodiversity in sustaining rural livelihoods and preserving traditional craftsmanship. They further emphasize the need to integrate indigenous knowledge into conservation planning and sustainable resource management strategies across the Congo Basin. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Not Applicable 2026-05-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1216 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.645-654 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 645-654 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1216/628 Copyright (c) 2026 Lemmy Lassa, Guy Ilumbe, Jean Paul Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua, Blaise Bikandu, Monizi Mawunu, Jean Pierre Habari, Apollinaire Biloso, Da Musa Masens, Félicien Lukoki

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/107 2021-07-21T20:50:54Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Toxicological Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Xylopia Aethiopica on Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers and Histology of Male Rats Adikwu, Elias Ehigiator, Ben Medicine and natural product Xylopia aethiopica; testis; oxidative stress; histology; rat Impairment in testicular function can occur through perturbations in testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. Xylopia aethiopica (XE) is used to enhance fertility in males, but with information gap on its effect on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology. The present study assessed the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Xylopia aethiopica (EEXA) on testicular oxidative stress markers and histology of male albino rats. Sixty adult male albino rats (200g-250g) were randomly grouped into 4 (A-D) of 15 rats per group. The rats in the control group A (A1-A3) were administered per oral (p.o) with water (0.2 mL/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats in groups B (B1-B3), C(C1-C3) and D (D1-D3) were administered p.o with EEXA (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day) for 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized at the termination of EEXA administration and were dissected and testes removed. The testes were weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology. Testicular weights were decreased in a dose and-time dependent fashion in EEXA-treated rats. Significant decreases in testicular superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels in a dose and time-dependent fashion were observed in rats administered with EEXA. Testicular histology showed cellular necrosis, degeneration and loss of interstitial tissues in rats administered with EEXA. This study observed that EEXA perturbed testicular oxidative markers and histology. Its use may impair testicular function. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2020-05-11 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/107 10.14421/biomedich.2020.91.33-37 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 9, No 1 (2020); 33-37 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/107/96 Copyright (c) 2020 Elias Adikwu, Ben Ehigiator

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/147 2022-01-11T09:12:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Plant Communities on the Slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu, Indonesia Umartani, Lita Ayu Nahdi, Maizer Said Culture; Ethnobotany; in-depth interviews; Rice (Oryza sativa L.); Mount Merapi; Mount Merbabu Ethnobotany is a study of the interaction between local people and their natural environment, especially regarding the use of plants as food and medicinal ingredients. Edible plants are a daily basic need whose existence is a necessity for the people on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu. How to use plants is transferred from generation to generation to form a culture. The research was carried out in March-May 2020 with the aim of digging local knowledge about plants used as food, including staple food, vegetables and medicines by studying the species diversity, including the benefits of plant parts, habit, how to use, process and how to obtain these species. The data were collected by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with in-depth interviews through 40 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. The results showed that the communities on the slopes of Mount Merapi and Merbabu used 74 plant species from 37 families as food sources. The favorite family is Fabaceae, followed by Zingiberaceae and Solanaceae. The most widely used habitus of plants were herbs (36.49%), followed by bush (28.38%), shrubs (18.92%) and trees (16.22%). Plant parts that are widely used are leaves (29.73%), fruit (17.57%), tubers (10.81%), seeds (9.46%), roots, rhizomes and flowers (6.76%), shoots (5.40%), stems (2.70%) and water, skin and heartwood (1.35%). The most common ways to use it are eaten raw as vegetables (29.73%), boiled (16.22%) and drink (12.16%). How to obtain it are through own cultivation (72.97%), and buying at the market (21.62%). The highest use values were Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (0.25), chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.) (0.20), turmeric (Curcuma dosmetica loir) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) (0.17). The highest importance values were rice (Oryza sativa L.) (5.23%), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (4.57%). Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2021-07-19 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/147 10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.33-39 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 10, No 1 (2021); 33-39 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/147/112 Copyright (c) 2021 Lita Ayu Umartani, Maizer Said Nahdi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/165 2022-07-31T08:19:35Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Screening of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Mangrove Soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest Bali Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede Wijaya, Made Dharmesti Suryanditha, Putu Arya Siskayani, Ayu Savitri Janurianti, Ni Made Defy Natural Product; Medicine; Microbiology; Bioprospecting mangrove soil; bacteria; antibacterial screening In this study we reported cultivation of bacteria associated with mangrove soil from the Ngurah Rai Mangrove Forest, Bali. Mangrove soil samples were serially diluted using sterile artificial seawater, spread onto Starch Casein M agar and incubated at 28oC for 28 days. Cultivation of mangrove soil samples yielded 165 bacterial colonies with 68 isolates were selected and purified based on different morphology. Of these 68 isolates, 22 isolates displayed antibacterial activities ranging from weak to strong inhibition against at least one of four bacterial indicators namely Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococus mutans, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using perpendicular streak method. Overall, 19 out of 22 bacteria isolates displayed weak antibacterial potential and two isolates exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. The isolate SA4 was the only bacterium with strong antibacterial potential with measured clear distance ≥ 10 mm against the four bacterial isolates. Sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA gene fragment assigned the isolate SA4 as Bacillus subtilis strain BIL/BS-168. Overall, this study confirmed the untapped potential of antibacterial activities from bacteria associated with mangrove soil. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2021-11-02 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/165 10.14421/biomedich.2021.102.129-133 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 10, No 2 (2021); 129-133 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/165/130 Copyright (c) 2021 Anak Agung Gede Indraningrat, Made Dharmesti Wijaya, Putu Arya Suryanditha, Ayu Savitri Siskayani, Ni Made Defy Janurianti

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/205 2022-09-20T02:36:19Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Detection of the Atherosclerotic PCSK9 gene Inhibitors Through in silico Method to Improve Targeted Therapy Sethuramalingam, Sabarinathan Ravi, Revathy Leena Rajiah, Janet Rani Biology; Biotechnology; Bioinformatics; Medicine; Chemistry PCSK9; Therapeutics; ACE inhibitors; Protein – ligand; Docking The PCSK9 is one of the most important marks for the evolution of therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis because its interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptors causes atherosclerosis. Protein-ligand interactions help us to understand the true mechanism of pharmacological action. This study seeks to identify the most powerful suppression options for PCSK9. Initially, the reported ACE inhibitors were included in pharmacophore modeling using PharmaGist. Next, ZINCPHARMER was used to screen the selected model against a ZINC database to identify putative drug candidates docked to the target protein to understand the interactions. The 10 best pharmacological candidates for PCSK9 with a binding energy of 9.8-8.2 kcal mol-1 were identified by molecular docking and their pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability were evaluated. The (S) severalplant obtained chemicals have been discovered, including anti-hypersensitive drugs such as “Canadine, Hesperetin, and Labetalol”. According to Biochemistry, these compounds formed a stable “protein-ligand” complex. The (S) canadine PCSK9 complex had the lowest RMSD and was the most stable. Future in vitro studies could identify (S) canadin as a promising atherosclerosis inhibitor for the evolution of novel PCSK9 inhibitors. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Nothing relevant to disclose 2022-07-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/205 10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.119-131 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 11, No 2 (2022); 119-131 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/205/147 Copyright (c) 2022 Sabarinathan Sethuramalingam, Revathy Leena Ravi, Janet Rani Rajiah

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/269 2023-08-09T16:42:43Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Acute Toxicity LD50 Fraction Ethyl Acetate Aquilaria malaccensis, Ficus benjamina, Mikania micrantha, and Fraction Water Cinnamomum burmanii in Mus Musculus Yulion, Rizky Perawati, Santi Hartesi, Barmi Anggresani, Lia Andriani, Lili Indriani, Lesra Syahila, Lara Ramadani, Suci Monika, Nadia Natural Product, Pharmacology, Ethnopharmacology Beringin leaf (Ficus benjamina L.); Gaharu leaf (Aquilaria malaccensis); Kayu manis cortex (Cinnamomum burmanii); Sembung rambat leaf (Mikania micrantha Kunth); Toxicity acute LD50. Research on the acute toxicity of LD50 had been carried out on the ethyl acetate fraction of Gaharu leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis), beringin leaves (Ficus benjamina), sembung rambat leaves (Mikania micrantha), and kayu manis cortex (Cinnamomum burmanii) water fraction the base of use as traditional treatment by the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) empirically obtained from ancestors. This research methodwas experimental and it used male and female mice. The control group was given a 1% NaCMC doses of 625 mg/kg body weight, 1,250 mg/kg body weight, 2,500 mg/kg body weight, and 5,000 mg/kg body weight. The test preparation was administered orally once per day. The Thomson-Weil method was used for the measurement of LD50 values. The weight ratio of organs was applied for heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, and stomach. The results showed that the LD50 value for male mice was 2454mg/kg body weight; 2454mg/kg body weight; 1546 mg/kg body weight and 2065mg/kg body weight respectfully. The LD50 value for female mice was a pseudo LD50. The value of the organ weight ratio in each sample showed P<0.05 values that were obtained in gaharu leaves in the liver and kidney organs (male); heart in females. Beringin leaves value P<0.05 lung organs (male). Sembung rambat leaves P<0.05 values of the heart, liver, and stomach organs (male); heart and stomach (female). Cinnamomum cortex value P<0.05 liver and stomach organs (male). The conclusions showed that the LD50 value of the ethyl acetate fraction of gaharu leaf, sembung rambat leaf, beringin leaf, and kayu manis cortex in male mice was slightly toxic, while in female mice it could not be counted. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2022-10-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/269 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.55-60 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 55-60 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/269/167 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/269/38 Copyright (c) 2022 Rizky Yulion, Santi Perawati, Barmi Hartesi, Lia Anggresani, Lili Andriani, Lesra Indriani, Lara Syahila, Suci Ramadani, Nadia Monika

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/315 2024-07-03T07:42:00Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad Abaka, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri Artimas, Susan Pwakangdi Medicine Journal; Medicine; Natural Product; Natural Product Chemistry Antibacterial activity; Antimicrobial activity; Antibacterial resistance; Detarium microcarpum; Phytochemical analysis This research aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and antibacterial effects of methanol and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (DM). The phytochemicals were detected and quantified while the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was established determining the zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids (16.33% ±0.88) were present in the methanol extract only while saponins and flavonoids were detected in concentrations of 31.00% ±2.31 and 21.01% ±2.33 respectively for the methanol extract and 21.67% ±1.76 and 38.01% ±1.16, for the ethyl acetate. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ZI on S. aureus (21.3 mm ±1.11) with its least inhibition observed on E. coli (6.5 mm ±0.77) while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ZI on S. typhi (19.1 mm ±2.01). S. typhi exhibited more sensitivity to DM extracts at the least concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml (methanol) and 25 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) while the MBC results showed that the 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were the effective respective concentration for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts against S. typhi. Conclusively, DM exhibited an antibacterial effect against the test organisms with notable inhibitory and bactericidal effects. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-03-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/315 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.281-288 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 281-288 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/315/193 Copyright (c) 2023 Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri Abaka, Susan Pwakangdi Artimas

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/401 2023-08-12T13:43:39Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Weed Community Structure in Patia Village Rice Fields Patia Sub-District, Pandeglang Regency Widiyawati, Ai Susilo, Hadi Mu'jijah, Mu'jijah Suyamto, Suyamto Abdilah, Nurullah Asep weeds; competition; rice; productivity; community structure Rice is a very important type of food crop because it is a staple food source. Crop losses at the farmer level due to competition with weeds reach 10-1.5%. This study aims to determine the structure of rice weed communities in rice fields in Patia Village, Patia District, and Pandeglang Regency. The research method uses an observation method with the sampling technique used as a random method. The plot used was 2 m x 2 m. Weed sampling was carried out by recording the types of weed types and counting the number of individuals of each species. Measurements of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, pH, and light intensity were measured. The data parameters measured include the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), evenness index (J'), dominance index (D), wealth index (S), and abundance of rice weed species. The results of the study were that the types of rice weeds found in the rice fields of Patia Village, District, and Patia, Pandeglang Regency, namely Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq) Raven, Commanded cylindricaL. Beauv, Spigelia anthelmia, Ageratum conyzoides, Spihemoclea zeylanica, Altemanthera sessillis, Eclipta prostate, Cypress deformed L., Digitaria sp. and Mimosa chaste L. The structure of the weed community in the rice fields of Patia Village, Patia District, Pandeglang Regency is the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') of 1.94; Evenness Index (J') of 0.884; Dominance Index (D) of 0.15. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-08-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/401 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.423-430 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 423-430 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/401/210 Copyright (c) 2023 Ai Widiyawati, Hadi Susilo, Mu'jijah, Suyamto, Nurullah Asep Abdilah

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/364 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Pteridium acquilinium and Newbouldia laevis Leaves Exhibited Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Potential Against Selected Clinical Bacteria Isolates Ajah, Obinna Unegbu, Chika Cecilia Uzohuo, Emmanuel N Anyanwu, Ogechi Ozioma Okezie, Ugochukwu Moses Anyanwu, Chioma Joseph, Rich Endophytes; antibacterial activity; antioxidant potential; Pteridium acquilinium Newbouldia laevis Endophytic fungi are important components of plant micro-ecosystems and they exist usually inside the healthy tissues of living plants. Endophytes possess encouraging source of biologically active metabolites for pharmaceutical applications. This study isolated endophytic fungi from Pteridium acquilinium and Newbouldia laevis leaves and evaluated their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. A total of ten endophytic fungal species were isolated from the leaves of the plants, from which six were selected and identified, including; Epicoccum thailandicum; Trichoderma atroviride; Lasiodiplodia parva; Trichoderma yunnanense; Colletotrichum cobbittiense; and, Trichoderma crissum. Among the isolated fungi, Trichoderma crissum (266.2956 ± 84.84 µg/ml) and Lasiodiplodia parva (293.0755 ± 64.95 µg/ml) showed significant scavenging activity on comparison with ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the isolated endophytes showed potential antibacterial activity against the tested clinical pathogens. This study validates that endophytic fungi dwelling in the inner tissue of medicinal plants studied could be a potential source of biologically active metabolites with free radical scavenging activities and also for treatment of infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Escherichia coli. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) Nigeria 2023-09-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/364 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.547-553 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 547-553 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/364/219 Copyright (c) 2023 Obinna Ajah, Chika Cecilia Unegbu, Emmanuel N Uzohuo, Ogechi Ozioma Anyanwu, Ugochukwu Moses Okezie, Chioma Anyanwu, Rich Joseph

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/447 2024-05-02T07:36:45Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad Ya'u, Ibrahim Abdulllahi, Tukur Baba Natural product Bacteria; Biofilm; Gram negative; Gram positive; Prevalence; Uropathogens This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence and biofilm-forming potentials of bacterial uropathogenic among primary school pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State. A total of 120 clean mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy children to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogen by the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method while the biofilm-forming potential by the standard methods. The result showed 26 % of the samples had significant bacteria growth with the Gram-negative as the highest. The infectivity pattern among the age group showed 8-10 had the highest infectivity percentage (35%) followed by 5-7 and 11-13 with 22.5% and 20% respectively. Six bacteria pathogens were isolated which are E. coli (41.9%) which is the most prevalent isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.0%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.7%), Klebsiella sp. (9.7%), Enterobacter sp. (6.5%), Proteus sp. (3.3%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed an alarming resistance level to nearly all the tested antibiotics showing multi-drug resistant strains. The Biofilm-forming potentials depict E. coli with the strongest potential followed by S. aureus. A high occurrence of asymptomatic UTIs and antimicrobial resistance observed poses a public health concern. Thus, routine diagnostic exercise is recommended for early detection and prompt treatment of the pathogens. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Tertiary Education Fund of Nigeria 2024-02-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/447 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.663-669 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 2 (2023); 663-669 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/447/243 Copyright (c) 2024 Abdulazeez Mumsiri Abaka, Mubarak Muhammad Dahiru, Ibrahim Ya'u, Tukur Baba Abdulllahi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/462 2024-09-17T07:30:41Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, Lethality and In Vitro Antioxidant Profiles of Johnu Tisane: A Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Leaf Decoction Formula Egbuonu, Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum Alaebo, Prince Ogochukwu Onuoha, Udumma Nsofor Njoku, Chinomso Juliet Obike, Chiemeziem Adanma Nlemadim, Susan Ogechi Chukwu, Blessing Ifeoma Iwejuo, Sopuruchi Mary-Augusta Amaechi, Onyedikachi Glory Obiefuna, Victor Ifechukwu Onuoha, Bessing Nmesomachi Okoli, DivineTreasure Nzubechukwu Nwokeoma, Precious Chinonso Eze, Chukwubuikem In-vivo anti-oxidative outcomes and roles; Johnu tisane; Requisite physicochemical mix; Requisite anti-oxidant capacity; Rich phyto-constituents-related diverse pharmacologic activities Coffee leaves-based tea has relevance in ethno-medications due to its rich phyto-constituents-related diverse pharmacologic activities. Jonhu tisane, a typical Coffea arabica leaf decoction has no supporting scientific basis amidst reported location, processing and specie-related variations. This investigated physicochemical, antimicrobial, lethality and in-vitro antioxidant profiles of Johnu tisane by acceptable methods. Results recorded moisture (92.26 %), ash (0.65 %), unsaponified matter (1.46 mg/100 g), free fatty acid (0.56 mgKOH/g), acid value (1.12 mgKOH/g), potential hydrogen (6.85), lethal concentration (1000 ppm) and concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity. Anti-oxidation results revealed total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and 2, 2-diphynyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities increased concentration-dependently compared to standard. Thus, Johnu tisane demonstrated low minerals and keeping quality; requisite physicochemical mix for consumption and bioactivity; high safety margin; antimicrobial potency; and requisite anti-oxidation capacity for in-vivo antioxidant role. These provided scientific support for its ethno-medicinal uses. They underscored the need to elucidate its pharmacologically active compounds; mechanistic roles in animal models; and the impact of ash to moisture mix variation on potential hydrogen, microbial and antimicrobial activities in relation to shelf life, bioactivity and in vivo anti-oxidative roles for novel insights on preserving sample quality, safety, bioactivity and in-vivo anti-oxidative outcomes. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-05-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/462 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.99-107 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 99-107 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/462/262 Copyright (c) 2024 Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum Egbuonu, Prince Ogochukwu Alaebo, Udumma Nsofor Onuoha, Chinomso Juliet Njoku, Chiemeziem Adanma Obike, Susan Ogechi Nlemadim, Blessing Ifeoma Chukwu, Sopuruchi Mary-Augusta Iwejuo, Onyedikachi Glory Amaechi, Victor Ifechukwu Obiefuna, Bessing Nmesomachi Onuoha, DivineTreasure Nzubechukwu Okoli, Precious Chinonso Nwokeoma, Chukwubuikem Eze

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/526 2024-09-17T07:30:42Z BIOMEDICH:ART

The Protective Effect of Kentut Leaf Extract (Paederia foetida L.) on Gastric Histopathology in Escherichia coli-Infected Sepsis Mice Model Savitri, Lisa Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Immunology; Biology; Health protective effect; kentut leaf extract; gastric histopathology; Escherichia coli; sepsis Sepsis, a severe medical condition, signifies the systemic immune response to infection, often leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Escherichia coli is a significant contributor to sepsis cases, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the gastric tissue of mice induced by Escherichia coli infection and evaluate the protective effects of kentut leaf extract (Paederia foetida L.). Histopathological analysis revealed distinct alterations in the gastric tissue among different treatment groups. While normal mouse treatment showed no significant changes, negative control (K-) and positive control (K+) groups exhibited inflammation and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa, characterized by necrosis, degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with kentut leaf extract (P1, P2, and P3) resulted in milder inflammation compared to controls, indicating a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by Escherichia coli infection. This protective mechanism is attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of saponins, flavonoids, and essential oils present in kentut leaf extract. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of kentut leaf extract in mitigating gastric mucosal injury associated with bacterial infection. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Directorate General of Vocational Education, Indonesia 2024-06-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/526 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.227-233 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 1 (2024); 227-233 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/526/277 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/526/72 Copyright (c) 2024 Lisa Savitri, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/544 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Potency of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Against Incision Wound Healing Atifah, Yusni Kurnia, Aifa Biology;Biochemistry;Physiology;Zoology Turmeric extract; VCO; incisions; male mice Wounds are damage or loss of body tissues that occur due to a factor that interferes with the body's protective system. One example of an open wound is an incision where there is a linear tear in the skin and underlying tissue. One natural ingredient that has potential as an alternative treatment for cut wounds is turmeric and VCO. The part of turmeric contains curcumin to accelerate wound healing and VCO contains lauric acid which functions as an antibacterial.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the percentage and healing time of incision wounds in male mice (Mus musculus L.). This research is an experimental study. The research was conducted from October to December 2023 at the Animal House and Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 (five) treatments and 5 (five) repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test using the SPSS 22 application. The results showed that the combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) affected the percentage and time of incision wound closure in male mice (Mus musculus L.). The best combination of turmeric extract with VCO is a ratio of 2:1. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Padang State University 2024-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/544 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.343-349 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 343-349 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/544/292 Copyright (c) 2024 Yusni Atifah, Aifa Kurnia

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/599 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antibacterial Activity of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Tea against Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from a Water Depot Yumiko, Yumiko Suhartomi, Suhartomi Nasution, Sri Wahyuni Syarifah, Siti Simaremare, Ade Pryta R. Sweet Orange; Decoction; Enterobacteriaceae; Citrobacter; Infusion Most orange peels are not utilized and become useless waste that is thrown away. Orange peels contain many nutrients and compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and essential oils, which are secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial agents. This study intends to investigate the antibacterial activity of sweet orange peel tea against isolated Enterobacteriaceae from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia. This experiment used disc diffusion for antibacterial assay. Meanwhile, the sweet orange peel was brewed using two different methods, including infusion and decoction, in two different masses (3 grams and 5 grams). These sweet orange peel tea formulations were compared to standard (chloramphenicol) and control (distilled water). Enterobacteriaceae was isolated and identified from a random water depot sample around Universitas Prima Indonesia, which included colony identification in EMB agar and MacConkey agar, gram staining, and biochemical test. This study showed that a random water depot sample contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae had properties similar to Citrobacter sp. Sweet orange tea formulation inhibited this isolated Enterobacteriaceae growth (P-Value: 0.010). Antibacterial activity was observed in 3-gram infusion, 5-gram infusion, and 5-gram decoction. However, the antibacterial activity was not better than the standard (chloramphenicol). Overall, it can be concluded that the sweet orange peel tea as infusion or decoction has weak antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated from water depots, which had some properties similar to Citrobacter sp. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-10-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/599 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.449-458 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 449-458 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/599/311 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/599/95 Copyright (c) 2024 Yumiko Yumiko, Suhartomi Suhartomi, Sri Wahyuni Nasution, Siti Syarifah, Ade Pryta R. Simaremare

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/595 2025-02-18T16:09:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and Starfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Combination Shampoo Against Pediculus humanus capitis Anindita, Reza Harahap, Salwa Zhafarina Beandrade, Maya Uzia Putri, Intan Kurnia Biology ; Phytochemical; pharmacognocy; pharmacy; Natural Product chemistry shampoo; pediculus; red ginger; star fruit; formulation Some of the natural ingredients that have the potential to be developed into a health product for pediculosis are red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Secondary metabolite compounds in red ginger extract and star fruit that can potentially kill head lice Pediculosis humanus capitis include alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical fitness and effectiveness of the lethal power of the combination of red ginger extract and star fruit with formula 1 (F1) 1.5%, formula 2 (F2) 2%, and Formula 3 (F3) 2.5%. The tests carried out were phytochemical screening tests (alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids), physical stability of shampoo (organoleptic, homogeneity, foam height, viscosity, and pH) for four weeks of storage, and testing the effectiveness of shampoo killing power against head lice Pediculus humanus capitis. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and comparatively using one-way ANOVA. Phytochemical screening of red ginger extract and star fruit was positive for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. The organoleptic test of the shampoo on all three formulas produced a light brown colour, a distinctive aroma of lemon oil, and a thick shape. The homogeneity test showed a homogeneous shampoo preparation. F1 foam level test (7.7-11 cm), F2 (7.3-11 cm), and F3 (7.2-11 cm). F1 viscosity test (2,010-2,020 cps); F2 and F3 (2,020 cps). One-way ANOVA pH F1 test (8.54-8.77); F2 (8.01-8.70); F3 (8.61-8.77) and One-way ANOVA results for pH values obtained significant values of 0.096 > 0.05, while the killing power of aphids was 0.02 < 0.05. The three shampoo formulas of red ginger extract and star fruit showed good physical evaluation and still entered the test requirement range for four weeks of storage. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was shown that the variation in the concentration of the formula did not cause a change in pH during four weeks of storage. The administration of a combination shampoo of red ginger extract and star fruit with a formulation of F1 1.5%, F2 2%, and F3 2.5% was able to have a natural effect on the average number of head lice deaths of Pediculus humanus capitis. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2024-12-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/595 10.14421/biomedich.2024.132.565-573 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 13, No 2 (2024); 565-573 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/595/312 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/595/89 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/595/90 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/595/91 Copyright (c) 2024 Reza Anindita, Salwa Zhafarina Harahap, Maya Uzia Beandrade, Intan Kurnia Putri

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/650 2025-09-26T01:45:57Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Profiling, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarindus indica Pulp Extracts: A Comprehensive Evaluation Mohamed, Nidal Eisa Abdalla Ismail, Ayman A. A. Eisa, Alaa Antimicrobial properties; Antioxidant activity; Ethanolic extract; phytochemical screening; Tamarindus indica The study looks at the antioxidant, antibacterial, and phytochemical characteristics of pulp extracts from Tamarindus indica. Several solvent fractions were obtained from the extraction process, such as hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, crude, and aqueous, all of which indicated the existence of primary and secondary metabolites. High amounts of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids were found by phytochemical screening, especially in the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions. With an inhibition zone of 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis, the ethyl acetate extract had the most excellent antibacterial activity in antimicrobial tests conducted using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. With a radical scavenging activity of 11 ± 0.1%, the crude extract's antioxidant activity was found to be modest, in contrast to the positive control's 87% activity, propyl gallate (PG). These findings show that T. indica extracts have a promising antibacterial potential, despite their still-low antioxidant efficiency. According to the research, T. indica may be a valuable source of bioactive substances for medical and pharmacological uses, especially in the treatment of infections. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-04-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/650 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.51-56 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 51-56 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/650/346 Copyright (c) 2025 Nidal Eisa Abdalla Mohamed, Ayman A. A. Ismail, Alaa Eisa

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/685 2025-09-26T01:45:58Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Presence of Salmonella sp. In Tilapia and Catfish from Cages in Pahandut Seberang Along the Kahayan River Flow Kurniawan, Mutiara Praja, Rian Ka Widiarti, Astri Hanasia, Hanasia Toemon, Angeline Novia Biological; Biology; Journal Biology Catfish; River Water; Salmonella sp; SNI; Tilapia Salmonellosis is a zoonosis, which means that it may be spread from animals to people through fish meat. It is a sickness brought on by an infection with the salmonella bacteria that infect humans and animals and invade the digestive tract. According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the global rate of salmonellosis in 2019 was 4.22 cases per 100,000 people, with a 1.72 fatality rate. Indonesia had a mortality rate of 2.42 and 5.82 per 100,000 people 2019. The objective of this study is to identify Salmonella sp. bacteria in 14 samples of river water, catfish (Clariidae), and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in rivers. This study includes two water samples, three catfish samples, and nine tilapia samples from the cage of the Pahandut Seberang River in Palangka Raya City. It employs a descriptive research design using an experimental technique. Among the metrics noted is the detection of Salmonella sp. The study found that all water samples, tilapia, and catfish tested positive for Salmonella sp bacteria in the selective media Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), that 14 samples (100%) in the gram staining test displayed the traits of Salmonella sp bacteria, and that 5 samples (B N1, C N2-3 samples in tilapia, B L1 samples in catfish, and water sample 2 showed the type of Salmonella paratyphoid b bacteria) and 9 samples, namely samples Salmonella tyhpimarium bacteria were found in samples A L1, C L1 in catfish, B N2-3, C N1 in tilapia, and water 1. As a result, every sample surpassed the SNI 7388:2009 maximum level of microbial contamination, which is positive/25g. According to the Indonesian National Standardization Agency's SNI 7388:2009 guidelines for the upper limit of microbial contamination in food, the tilapia meat, catfish, and river water in the river cage of Kahayan Pahandut Seberang Palangka Raya City do not satisfy the requirements. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-06-05 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/685 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.185-191 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 185-191 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/685/359 Copyright (c) 2025 Mutiara Kurniawan, Rian Ka Praja, Astri Widiarti, Hanasia Hanasia, Angeline Novia Toemon

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/740 2025-09-26T01:45:58Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Molecular Identification of Fungal Complex Associated with Stored Maize Grains Vended in Some Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria Peter, Patricia Sanum Haruna, Aishatu Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri Biology; Medicine; Natural product chemistry Maize grain; fungal contamination; Aspergillus flavus; Morphological and Molecular identification Maize is a crucial global crop but remains highly vulnerable to fungal contamination, which poses serious threats to food safety and agricultural productivity. This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with maize samples from Adamawa State, Nigeria, using morphological and molecular techniques. Morphological analysis facilitated genus-level identification, while rDNA ITS sequencing provided precise species-level classification. The identified fungal species included Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus latus, Aspergillus flavus, Amesia atrobrunnea, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (48.1%), followed by A. latus (22.1%), L. ramosa (14.3%), C. cladosporioides (12.9%), and A. atrobrunnea (2.6%). Yola North recorded the highest level of fungal contamination. Growth rate analysis showed that L. ramosa exhibited the fastest growth, while A. atrobrunnea had the slowest. Molecular identification confirmed the fungal species, with ITS sequences displaying 81% to 95% similarity to reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis further clarified the evolutionary relationships among the isolates. The dominance of Aspergillus species, particularly A. flavus, raises concerns due to their mycotoxin-producing capabilities, which pose health risks and compromise food safety. While these findings align with previous reports on fungal contamination in stored grains, they differ from studies highlighting Fusarium and Penicillium as dominant contaminants in other regions. This study emphasizes the need for accurate fungal identification, improved storage techniques, and advanced molecular tools to mitigate contamination. These insights are essential for enhancing food security, promoting agricultural sustainability, and safeguarding public health in maize-reliant regions such as Nigeria. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-06-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/740 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.299-308 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 299-308 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/740/381 Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Sanum Peter, Aishatu Haruna, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri Abaka

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/724 2025-09-26T01:45:59Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Screening, GC-MS Charecterisation and Antioxidant Activity of N-Hexane Fraction of Microtrichia perotitii DC Nuhu, Abdullahi Maikudi Istifanus, Istifanus Usman, Solomon Idris, Idris Abdullahi, Abdullahi Microtrichia; perotitii; phytochemical; GC-MS; DPPH Microtrichia perotitii DC belongs to the family Asteraceae (Compositeae) and it is an herb found in the West African countries. The herb has been used ethnomedicinally to treat children's rashes, burns, wounds, jaundice, rheumatism, diarrhea, and skin conditions. The n-hexane fraction of the ethanolic extract of the plant was investigated for the presence of secondary metabolites, characterisation as well as its antioxidant activity with a view to exploring other significant information that would be of benefit to scientific study. The n-hexane extract was subjected to partitioning, phytochemical screening using standard methods as well as spectroscopic characterizations using UV, FTIR and GC-MS analysis including antioxidant activity. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, but anthraquinones and phlobatannins were absent. The spectroscopy analysis showed a high degree of conjugation and it also  reveals the presence of  Hydroxyl (O-H), carbonyl (C=O) and methyl (C-H) groups, with the compound, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, having  the highest abundance while the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitric oxide (NO),radical scavenging assays exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.61mg/mL but less than ascorbic acid which has an IC50 value of 0.84mg/mL. The phytochemical compounds present in the plant could be responsible for its antioxidant property which suggests the use of the plant in the treatment of diseases induced by free radicals. In the light of the importance of this herb in local applications, the research was aimed at exploring the scientific evidences to support the local claims as well as improving information of the efficacy of the plant. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Kaduna Polytechnic. 2025-07-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/724 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.417-425 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 417-425 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/724/387 Copyright (c) 2025 Abdullahi Maikudi Nuhu, Istifanus, Solomon Usman, Idris, Abdullahi

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/710 2025-09-26T01:46:00Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antimicrobial Potential of Phytochemicals from Coccinia grandis Leaves: A Molecular Docking Study Against Penicillin-Binding Protein 5 of Escherichia coli and DNA Topoisomerase IV Subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isuranga, Malshan Danthanarayana, Dulki Nihinsa Biological Science; Computational Biology Coccinia grandis; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Penicillin-Binding Protein 5; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kd); Molecular Docking Coccinia grandis (C. grandis) leaves, traditionally used in Sri Lanka for diabetes management, also have a potential antimicrobial activity. In this study, site-specific molecular docking was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phytochemicals of Coccinia grandis leaves against Penicillin-binding protein 5 (PBP 5) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Penicillin was selected as the reference molecule for Penicillin-binding protein 5 and for DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa), Novobiocin was selected as the reference molecule. The results identified Lupeol (-7.72 kcal/mol) and Beta-Sitosterol (-8.21kcal/mol) have a higher binding affinity to PBP5 of E. coli than Penicillin (-7.20 kcal/mol). Quercetin (-6.70 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.95 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.07 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.15 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.87 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.42 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.07 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of S. aureus than novobiocin (-6.04 kcal/mol). As well Quercetin (-6.85 kcal/mol), Kaempferol (-6.82 kcal/mol), Naringenin (-7.23 kcal/mol), Isoquercetin (-6.20 kcal/mol), Lupeol (-7.67 kcal/mol), Beta-Sitosterol (-9.08 kcal/mol) and Sanguinarine (-9.03 kcal/mol) show higher binding affinity to DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B (ParE 24kDa) of E. coli than novobiocin (-5.76 kcal/mol). In silico pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameter predictions were also conducted to study drug-likeness of above molecules using specialized web servers. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-08-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/710 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.541-552 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 1 (2025); 541-552 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/710/368 Copyright (c) 2025 Malshan Isuranga, Dulki Nihinsa Danthanarayana

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/811 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Molecular Method Optimization to Identify Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene as a Predictor of Antimalarial Resistance Sulistyaningsih, Erma Dewi, Rosita Rachmania, Sheilla Kusuma, Irawan Fajar Kholifaturrohmy, Muhammad Rizqi Armiyanti, Yunita Kholifaturrohmah, Sakinatus Sariroh Andriani, Made Prasanti medicine journal; Medicine gene; malaria; pfmdr1, Plasmodium falciparum; resistance Several approaches have been designed to control malaria, a disease with high morbidity and mortality, but they face some hurdles. Antimalarial resistance is one of the major challenges for malaria elimination, so the detection of antimalarial resistance is essential. Several molecular markers for antimalarial resistance have been identified, including Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene. This study determined the optimization of molecular techniques to identify the pfmdr1 gene as an antimalarial resistance predictor in Indonesia. The study included patients diagnosed with uncomplicated or severe malaria originating from the health district of Kerom Regency, Papua Province, and Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, East Java Province. Blood samples were collected in the Whatmann filer paper after informed consent. DNA was isolated from dried blood filter paper, and nested PCR was performed using a specific primer, the pfmdr1-A and pfmdr1-B genes. The PCR cycle was optimized based on previous studies. The pfmdr1-A has a similar setting to the earlier study, but the pfmdr1-B had a different optimum setting from the previous study with the annealing temperature of 57oC for nested-1 and 62oC for nested-2. This PCR setting could be used for further examination. The positive results of the amplification indicated the potential for antimalarial resistance in the parasite population. A study on the gene copy number and polymorphism is essential to determine the definitive conclusion on antimalarial resistance. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/811 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.673-678 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 673-678 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/811/429 Copyright (c) 2025 Erma Sulistyaningsih, Rosita Dewi, Sheilla Rachmania, Irawan Fajar Kusuma, Muhammad Rizqi Kholifaturrohmy, Yunita Armiyanti, Sakinatus Sariroh Kholifaturrohmah, Made Prasanti Andriani

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/938 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Water Extracts of Selected Plant Species from Tuzla Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Mekic, Lejla Huseinovic, Edina Dedic, Jasmina Husejnagic, Darja Horozic, Emir Natural Product Chemistry Nettle; Sage; Mentha; Rosemary; Yarrow; Blackberry leaf This study aims to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of aqueous extracts of six different plant species, which are widely used in traditional medicine: Salvia officinalis L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Urtica dioica L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Rubus fruticosus L. and Achillea millefolium L. The samples were collected in the Tuzla region between March and July 2025. All of the mentioned plants are important in traditional medicine and have been previously reported to have biological activity. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH and FRAP methods, while the antibacterial potential was tested by the diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the WDCM collection. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity, with nettle and sage extracts showing the most potent in neutralizing DPPH radicals. Weak to moderate antibacterial activity was recorded in the case of nettle, sage, mint and rosemary extracts, and a complete absence of activity in the case of yarrow and blackberry leaf extracts. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/938 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.787-793 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 787-793 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/938/444 Copyright (c) 2025 Lejla Mekic, Edina Huseinovic, Jasmina Dedic, Darja Husejnagic, Emir Horozic

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/819 2026-04-04T07:01:25Z BIOMEDICH:ART

siRNAs targeting icaD Gene of Staphylococcus aureus to Inhibit Biofilm Formation: Structural Analysis and Efficacy Sulistina, Dinda Ananda Praja, Rian Ka Anugerahny, Margaretha Yayu Indah Hanasia, Hanasia Ysrafil, Ysrafil Medicine; Infectious Diseases Staphylococcus aureus; Biofilm; icaD Gene; siRNA; Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus infections, especially those involving biofilm formation, is a global health issue. Biofilm protects bacteria from the immune system and antibiotic treatment, making them 10 to 1000 times more resistant. The icaD gene, part of the ica operon, is crucial for biofilm synthesis by enhancing the enzymes responsible for forming the biofilm matrix. The icaD gene sequence of Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from the GenBank NCBI database with the accession code CP140612.1, with a gene sequence length of 306 bp and employed several bioinformatics methods, including siDirect for designing and evaluating effective siRNA sequences to select the most promising candidates. Additionally, siRNA Scales, MaxExpect, Duplex Fold, and siPred were employed to analyze the siRNA sequence length, secondary structure, binding energy, and efficacy predictions of siRNAs targeting the icaD gene. The study found that out of 54 siRNA candidates, siRNA22, siRNA50, and siRNA25 achieved inhibition rates of 93.69%, 92.82%, and 92.52%, respectively. These results bioinformatically demonstrated their potential to suppress the expression of the icaD gene and highlight their promise as siRNA-based antibacterial therapies to combat biofilm-related infections. The designed siRNA computationally shows potential as an innovative therapy to combat biofilm infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-10-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/819 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.921-926 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 921-926 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/819/441 Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Ananda Sulistina, Rian Ka Praja, Margaretha Yayu Indah Anugerahny, Hanasia Hanasia, Ysrafil Ysrafil

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/850 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Green Extraction of Corn Silk Flavonoids Using NADES-UAE: Optimizing Conditions for Agricultural Waste Valorization Kwanira Gayatri, Anak Agung Sagung Intan Rai Yadnya Putra, Anak Agung Gede Samirana, Putu Oka Corn Silk; Flavonoid; Green Solvent; NADES; UAE Corn silk (of Zea mays L.) is an agricultural waste that has not been optimally utilized, even though it is known to contain flavonoid compounds with various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. The flavonoid compounds in corn silk have the potential to be developed as natural raw materials for applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. However, the extraction process for these active compounds often still uses organic solvents like methanol, which are toxic, flammable, and have negative impacts on health and the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method using a more environmentally friendly alternative solvent, namely Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES). The study was conducted in two main stages: selection of the best NADES composition and molar ratio from combinations of choline chloride with urea, glycerol, lactic acid, and malic acid; and optimization of UAE parameters including ultrasonic power, time, and temperature using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model. The determination of total flavonoid content was performed using the colorimetric method with AlCl? reagent and quercetin standard, and the measurements were taken using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the NADES combination of choline chloride:urea (1:2) with the addition of 30% aquades produced the highest flavonoid content compared to 80% methanol solvent. The optimal conditions for UAE extraction were obtained at 100 % ultrasonic power, 30 minutes of extraction time, and a temperature of 70°C, resulting in a total flavonoid content yield of 96.02 ± 0.48 mgQE/g of corn silk powder. This study concluded that the combination of NADES and UAE method can significantly enhance the extraction yield of total flavonoids while also providing a more sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for the utilization of agricultural waste, such as corn silk. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-11-17 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/850 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1039-1045 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1039-1045 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/850/475 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/850/153 Copyright (c) 2025 Anak Agung Sagung Intan Kwanira Gayatri, Anak Agung Gede Rai Yadnya Putra, Putu Oka Samirana

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/991 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Screening and Blood Glucose Response of Red Dragon Fruit Extract in Alloxan-Induced Mice Pratiwi, I Gusti Agung Istri Mas Dianti Maharani, Ni Putu Ayu Dian Kirana, Ni Made Asthi Pramesti Utari, Putu Nadya Asti Arthayasa, I Gede Ngurah Bagus Evayanti, Luh Gde Wijaya, Made Dharmesti Natural Product; Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacy; Medicine; Alloxan-induced mice; antihyperglycemic; Hylocereus polyrhizus; Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to various complications. Natural products, including red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), have gained attention for their potential antidiabetic properties due to their phytochemical content, particularly flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of red dragon fruit extract and its effect on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. Male mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (no treatment), a positive control group (metformin 10 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) receiving red dragon fruit extract at doses of 18.2, 36.4, and 72.8 mg/kg BW, respectively. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (140 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally once daily for 6 days. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Data were analyzed using the Friedmann test. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins in the extract. Statistical analysis showed no significant reduction in blood glucose levels after administration of red dragon fruit extract at any of the tested doses (p>0.05). Red dragon fruit extract did not exhibit a significant antihyperglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic mice under the tested conditions. This may be attributed to suboptimal dosage, insufficient flavonoid concentration, or a less effective mechanism of action compared to standard therapy. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and evaluate its potential using different extraction methods or in combination with other bioactive compounds. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-12-04 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/991 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1165-1169 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1165-1169 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/991/491 Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Agung Istri Mas Dianti Pratiwi, Ni Putu Ayu Dian Maharani, Ni Made Asthi Pramesti Kirana, Putu Nadya Asti Utari, I Gede Ngurah Bagus Arthayasa, Luh Gde Evayanti, Made Dharmesti Wijaya

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1028 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Diversity and Composition of Insect Species Associated with Natural Rattan Habitats in Namo Village, Kulawi, Central Sulawesi Nurdin, Musdalifah Suleman, Samsurizal M Zainal, Syech Sabran, Moh Agni, Raya Trianto, Manap Biology biodiversity; Central Sulawesi; insect diversity; natural rattan; pollinators Tropical forest ecosystems are home to diverse insect communities that play essential ecological roles, including pollination, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Among the key forest plants, rattan (Arecaceae) provides both ecological and economic benefits and serves as an important microhabitat for various insect species. This study aimed to identify and analyze the diversity of insect species associated with natural rattan habitats in Namo Village, Kulawi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Insect sampling was carried out using sweep nets, pitfall traps, and yellow pan traps along rattan-dominated forest transects. A total of 125 individual insects were collected, representing 7 orders, 28 families, and 37 species. The order Hymenoptera showed the highest abundance (41.6%), dominated by Formicidae and Apidae families, followed by Coleoptera (25.6%) and Diptera (17.6%). The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index (H’ = 2.84) indicated moderate species diversity with high evenness (E = 0.83). Functionally, the insect community consisted of pollinators (38.2%), herbivores (25.4%), decomposers (19.6%), and predators (16.8%). These findings demonstrate that natural rattan ecosystems support diverse and functionally balanced insect assemblages, reflecting stable ecological conditions and minimal anthropogenic disturbance. Conserving natural rattan stands is therefore crucial for maintaining biodiversity and sustaining ecological functions such as pollination and decomposition within tropical forest ecosystems. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2025-12-13 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1028 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1289-1295 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1289-1295 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1028/510 Copyright (c) 2025 Musdalifah Nurdin, Samsurizal M. Suleman, Syech Zainal, Moh Sabran, Raya Agni, Manap Trianto

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/873 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Effect of Moringa Leaves and Jackfruit Seeds as Rice Substitute to Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Mice Primantara, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Adi Mahadewi, Komang Astri Arimbawa, I Gede Aditya Muljosaputro, Marvel Alden Suryawan, Komang Dinda Bagus Putra Santoso, Putu Nia Calista Kartika Sari, Ni Luh Putu Eka Journal Natural Product Antidiabetes; Analog Rice; Jackfruit Seeds; Moringa Leaves; Diabetes Mellitus Most Indonesians consume white rice, which has a high Glycemic Index (GI). Eating foods with high GI can lead to the occurrence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DM is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Alternative solutions are needed to overcome diabetes mellitus, one of which is by using rice substitute which has a low Glycemic Index (GI). Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus lam.) contain flavonoids that have the potential to be used as ingredients for making rice substitute. Flavonoids function to increase antioxidant enzymes, neutralize free radicals, lower blood sugar, overcome fatigue, and protect insulin-producing pancreatic ß cells. This study aims to analyze the content, physical and chemical characteristics, and antidiabetic activity of innovative rice substitute. In this study, an rice substitute formulation was made from Moringa flour: jackfruit flour in the ratio of 3:1 (P1), 1:1 (P2), and 1:3 (P3). Analog rice was tested on mice which were divided into five groups, namely positive control, negative control, and a combination of extracts P1, P2, and P3. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 25 software. The results obtained showed that the rice substitute formulations P1, P2, and P3 were able to reduce blood sugar in mice, but P2 best reduced blood sugar, which was 11 mg/dL and 22 mg/dL. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Warmadewa University 2025-12-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/873 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1419-1426 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1419-1426 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/873/522 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/873/158 Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Ngurah Agung Adi Primantara, Komang Astri Mahadewi, I Gede Aditya Arimbawa, Marvel Alden Muljosaputro, Komang Dinda Bagus Putra Suryawan, Putu Nia Calista Santoso, Ni Luh Putu Eka Kartika Sari

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/896 2026-04-04T07:01:26Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Formulation and Standardization of Face Wash Using Watermelon Rind Extract (Citrullus lanatus) Wijaya, Dika Putra Rahmawati, Khofifatul Bachtiar, Achmad Yusuf Ridhwan, Alverdha Elvarheta Rasseta Rahmah, Ayu Alfianita Taufikurohmah, Titik Danar, Danar Natural Product Chemistry liquid soap; watermelon rind; antioxidant The purpose of this study was to determine the utilization of watermelon rind waste as an active ingredient in the manufacture of liquid soap preparations and to obtain the best formulation of watermelon rind extract liquid soap that is physically stable. Watermelon rind waste contains many nutritious substances, such as antioxidants, that are beneficial for skin health but have not been widely utilized. This study utilizes citrulline compounds in watermelon rind, which act as antioxidants and potential vasodilators, to be used as active ingredients in the manufacture of bath soap preparations with the aim of removing dirt and stimulating blood circulation. Research method includes the preparation of thick watermelon rind extract, the preparation of salt solution, and the preparation of liquid soap preparation formulas with varying concentrations of watermelon rind extract. Evaluation includes an organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, foam height, foam stability, homogeneity, and spreadability to obtain a liquid soap formula with stable physical properties. Result showed that watermelon rind extract has the potential to be an active ingredient in liquid soap preparations in order to utilize waste and provide benefits for skin health. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-01-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/896 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1569-1578 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 14, No 2 (2025); 1569-1578 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/896/542 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/896/162 Copyright (c) 2026 Dika Putra Wijaya, Khofifatul Rahmawati, Achmad Yusuf Bachtiar, Alverdha Elvarheta Rasseta Ridhwan, Ayu Alfianita Rahmah, Titik Taufikurohmah, Danar

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1098 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Molecular Docking and In Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Several Chalcone Derivatives Prabawati, Susy Yunita Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi Yuda, Kurniawan Eka Sugiyati, Agianti Natural Product Chemistry flavonoid; chalcone; antibacterial candidate Chalcones are flavonoid-derived secondary metabolites known for diverse biological activities, including antibacterial effects. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of two chalcone derivatived i.e. 4-dimethylamino-4-hydroxychalcone (DMAHC) and 6-fluoro-2-chloro-4-hydroxychalcone (FCHC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli through integrated in vitro and in silico analyses. Antibacterial activity assessed using the agar diffusion method at concentrations of 1; 5; and 10% (w/v) revealed that DMAHC exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of both bacterial species, whereas FCHC demonstrated activity only against S. aureus. Molecular docking was performed using target proteins from S. aureus (1MWT) and E. coli (7ONW). Both chalcones were capable of binding to the active-site residues of the respective proteins; however, DMAHC showed a more favorable binding affinity toward E. coli (deltaG = -7.04 kcal/mol) compared to FCHC (deltaG = -6.75 kcal/mol). Despite its negative binding energy, FCHC failed to inhibit E. coli in vitro, likely due to reduced membrane permeability associated with its halogen substituents. Overall, the combined results highlight DMAHC as a more promising antibacterial candidate than FCHC, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria, and underscore the importance of electron-donating substituents in enhancing chalcone bioactivity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1098 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.83-90 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 83-90 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1098/554 Copyright (c) 2026 Susy Yunita Prabawati, Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko, Kurniawan Eka Yuda, Agianti Sugiyati

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1099 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

In Vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Sapindus rarak (Lerak) and Its Influence on Cellular Immune Markers During Escherichia coli Infection Savitri, Lisa Ihsan, Kharisul Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Krissanjaya, Rochmad Immunology; Biology; Health; Medical Laboratory Technology Sapindus rarak, antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, macrophage cytokines, immunomodulation Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli remains a major public health concern, prompting interest in plant-derived compounds with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Sapindus rarak (lerak) extract and its influence on macrophage cytokine responses during E. coli stimulation. Lerak pericarp extract was prepared using 70% ethanol and tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 using broth microdilution. Immunomodulatory effects were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to heat-killed E. coli, followed by treatment with sub-MIC concentrations of the extract. The results showed moderate antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 microgram/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 500 microgram/mL. Cell viability exceeded 90% at 50–100 microgram/mL, confirming suitability for immunological assays. Lerak significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production while increasing IL-10 levels, indicating suppression of excessive inflammation and enhancement of regulatory responses. These findings suggest that S. rarak possesses dual antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, highlighting its potential as a complementary therapeutic candidate for managing E. coli infections where inflammation contributes to disease severity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-14 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1099 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.209-213 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 209-213 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1099/574 Copyright (c) 2026 Lisa Savitri, Kharisul Ihsan, Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Rochmad Krissanjaya

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1243 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant Activity Analysis Using DPPH and Total Phenol Methods of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata L.) Wati, Dwi Kartika Amrullah, Kammal Nizam Mukarommah, Salsabilatul Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Faisal, Faisal Ramadhan, Majida Nafisa, Nafisa Journal Biology Soursop leaves; antioxidant activity; DPPH method; total phenolic content; Annona muricata L Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are known to contain various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of soursop leaf extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and to determine its total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was assessed at extract concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm, with quercetin used as a positive control. The results showed that the soursop leaf extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 9,486 ppm. The total phenolic content of the extract was relatively high, ranging from 102,929 to 195,702 mg GAE/g extract. The strong antioxidant activity observed is likely associated with the high content of phenolic compounds, which play a crucial role in scavenging free radicals. These findings suggest that soursop leaf extract has significant potential as a natural antioxidant source for applications in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-04-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1243 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.325-330 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 325-330 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1243/591 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/1243/247 Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Kartika Wati, Kammal Nizam Amrullah, Salsabilatul Mukaromah, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer, Faisal, Majida Ramadhan, Nafisa

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1193 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Immuno-Impaired Expression of Synaptophysin, GFAP and Nissl Substances in the Cerebral Cortex of Diabetic Wistar Rats; Evaluation of Andrographis Paniculata Effects Onanuga, Ismail Olasile Folarin, Royhan Olamide Muniru, Elijah Taiwo Ibrahim, Ridwan Babatunde Usman, Ibe Michael Jegede, Ayoola Isaac Azu, Onyemaechi Okpara Obaya, Temidire Odunayo Kehinde, Moses Oluwasegun Biology; Pharmacology; Toxicology; Neuroscience; Natural Product Andrographis paniculata; Cerebrum; Diabetes Mellitus; GFAP; Synaptophysin Diabetic hyperglycemia is associated with severe complications, including neuropathy and cognitive impairment. This study examines the neuroprotective effects of Andrographis paniculata (AP) on the cerebrum cortex of alloxan-nicotinamide-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (A–E), each with seven rats. Diabetic hyperglycemia was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) followed by alloxan (120 mg/kg). Treatment included Andrographis paniculata, metformin and a combination of both. Untreated diabetic hyperglycemia resulted in significant cerebral damage, indicated by weight loss, decreased brain weight, and neuronal degradation. Andrographis paniculata treatment provided partial neuroprotection. Metformin demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects by reducing hyperglycemia, preventing weight loss, and preserving neuronal structure. Combination therapy suggested potential synergistic effects, showing improvements in blood glucose, body weight, brain weight, cerebral morphology, and histochemistry. Increased synaptophysin expression and reduced astrocyte activation via GFAP expression were observed with combination therapy. These findings support the therapeutic potential of Andrographis paniculata, alone or combined with metformin, in managing hyperglycemic neuropathies. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1193 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.465-474 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 465-474 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1193/602 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/1193/243 Copyright (c) 2026 Ismail Olasile Onanuga, Royhan Olamide Folarin, Elijah Taiwo Muniru, Ridwan Babatunde Ibrahim, Ibe Michael Usman, Ayoola Isaac Jegede, Onyemaechi Okpara Azu, Temidire Odunayo Obaya, Moses Oluwasegun Kehinde

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1209 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Identification of Lichen Based on Substrate in Bale Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency Adrian, Adrian Lilies, Lilies Alibasyah, Lestari MP Bustamin, Bustamin Zainal, Syech Nurdin, Musdalifah Biological; Biology; Journal Biology Bale; identification; lichen; substrate; species Lichens are associations between fungi and photosynthetic symbionts, such as algae or cyanobacteria, that form stable and specialized thallus structures. The fungi that predominantly compose the lichen body belong to the Ascomycetes, while the algal partners contribute to the overall structure. This association enhances the ability of both fungi and algae to survive in suboptimal environmental conditions because the thallus structure, physiology, and chemical synthesis of lichens differ from those of the individual fungi or algae that constitute them. Lichens are lower plants that occur in various habitats worldwide and dominate terrestrial ecosystems, covering approximately 8% of the Earth’s land surface. Globally, around 20,000 lichen species have been reported, whereas in Indonesia, 595 species or about 3% of the world’s total have been documented. This study aimed to identify lichen species based on their substrates in the Bale Village area, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency. The sampling method used was the exploration method. Lichen samples were collected from various substrates, followed by direct macroscopic observations to identify the species obtained. Research sites were determined using purposive sampling, selected based on the environmental conditions and the diversity of substrates where lichens grow. Three locations were designated as research stations: Station 1 (residential area), Station 2 (forest and river area, partly used as a tourist site), and Station 3 (forest area and local plantations). The results of this study identified 10 lichen species belonging to 5 families and found on 3 types of substrates. Environmental parameter measurements at the research sites showed an average temperature of 27.66°C, air humidity of 66%, and light intensity of 828.66 cd. These values indicate warm, humid conditions with moderate to highlight intensity conditions generally optimal for the growth and development of lichens. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-20 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1209 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.605-611 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 605-611 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1209/621 Copyright (c) 2026 Adrian, Lilies, Lestari M.P Alibasyah, Bustamin, Syech Zainal, Musdalifah Nurdin

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/1324 2026-05-31T13:50:48Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Population Estimation and Habitat Characteristics of Anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi Dirham, Dirham Ongky, Ongky Trianto, Manap Messe, Yunita Anoa; Endangered; Endemic; Mount Kondoruang; Sulawesi The anoa is a dwarf buffalo endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi and several surrounding offshore islands. Despite its relatively small body size compared to other wild cattle, it is the largest wild terrestrial mammal native to Sulawesi. This study aims to estimate the population size and density of the anoa (Bubalus sp.) in Mount Kondoruang, Central Sulawesi, and to analyze the habitat characteristics that influence its distribution and occurrence. This project began with an information survey conducted from 8–15 June 2024 involving nature enthusiast groups (university student nature clubs) and local communities regarding the presence of the anoa on Mount Kondoruang. Data collection was carried out from 17–28 August 2024. Mount Kondoruang, also known as Kandela in Tojo Una-Una Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mount Kondoruang has an elevation of 2,870 meters above sea level and features diverse topography, ranging from hilly areas to mountainous terrain with slopes exceeding 15°, and is therefore designated as a Protected Forest area. The ecosystem types of Mount Kondoruang include savanna, lowland forest, lower montane forest, and upper montane forest. Mount Kondoruang remains an important habitat for the anoa, with individuals predominantly found in sub-montane forests. Habitat characteristics, particularly vegetation structure, elevation, temperature, and humidity, strongly influence its distribution. The limited population size and low juvenile detection indicate potential vulnerability, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and strengthened conservation efforts to ensure the species’ long-term survival. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2026-05-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1324 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.731-738 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 15, No 1 (2026); 731-738 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/1324/634 Copyright (c) 2026 Dirham Dirham, Ongky Ongky, Manap Trianto, Yunita Messe

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/90 2021-07-21T20:50:54Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott could be Attributed to The Abundance of Polyphenol Compounds Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Umeokoli, Blessing Ogechukwu Eze, Peter Maduabuchi Okoye, Festus Basden Chiedu Natural products; Journal Natural Product; Medicinal plant; Ethnopharmacology Dryopteris filix-mas; wounds; rheumatoid arthritis; quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside; anti-oxidant properties Dryopteris filix mas (D filix-mas) is wildly used in ethnomedicine for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, wounds and other diseases. We investigated the anti-oxidant activities of its leaf extract, and chromatographic fractions. The ethanol leaf extract was partitioned into four fractions; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging in vitro assays were carried out on the extract and fractions at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/mL. The most active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction) was further purified using chromatographic techniques to isolate its major compound whose structure was elucidated using ID nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. The ethyl acetate fraction produced the highest free radical scavenging activity among the other fractions. The fraction (VLC-E7) from which the bioactive compound, quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside, was isolated had the best FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities with EC50 and IC50 values of 88.81 ± 3.41 and 26.87 ± 0.24 respectively more than the ethyl acetate fraction. This study revealed that the polyphenol flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-αL-rhamnopyranoside could be responsible for antioxidant activity of ethno-medicinal property of D filix-mas leaf. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity None 2020-04-16 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/90 10.14421/biomedich.2020.91.1-6 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 9, No 1 (2020); 1-6 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/90/91 Copyright (c) 2020 Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie, Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe, Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku, Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli, Peter Maduabuchi Eze, Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/130 2022-01-11T09:12:17Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Compliance Level of Textual Therapeutic Usage of Kshirakakoli Containing Formulations with a Serial Ethnomedicinal Survey and Modern System of Medicine Kaur, Gunpreet Gupta, Vikas Sharma, Ravinder Kumar, Sanjiv Singhal, R G Singh, Ranjit Bansal, Parveen Natural Products; Ayurveda; Herbal drugs Ethnomedicinal survey; Kshirakakoli; Formulations; Ayurveda; Fritillaria roylei Fritillaria roylei (Kshirakakoli) is a primal plant used in ancient times. But nowadays, due to biotic and abiotic stress the plant has entered in the list of threatened medicinal plant. In ancient texts effective uses of formulations containing kshirakakoli are well mentioned but the information is not written in simple language due to which the therapeutic value of the plant is not well understood by scientific fraternity. So, there is a major need to perform ethno medicinal survey for the formulations containing kshirakakoli and compare their therapeutic uses as mentioned in text with the modern system of medicine. In this study, a field survey was performed in 4 states i.e., Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh where the conversation regarding usage of this plant or formulation was done with 24 local medical practitioners, 18 shopkeepers and 4 traditional healers. The information thus obtained were recorded and then compared. Results showed that the usage of kshirakakoli containing formulations was highest in Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand. Only few clinical studies have been done on these formulations. The effectiveness of the formulations against remedies alluded by the trado-medical practitioners claimed was found accurate as per ayurvedic textual literature. Hence, the ethno medicinal survey provides a precise guidance to scientists for future research on these kshirakakoli containing formulations that are useful in plethora of disorders. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2021-07-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/130 10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.7-14 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 10, No 1 (2021); 7-14 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/130/107 Copyright (c) 2021 Gunpreet Kaur, Vikas Gupta, Ravinder Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, R G Singhal, Ranjit Singh, Parveen Bansal

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/157 2022-07-31T08:19:35Z BIOMEDICH:ART

A Physical Chemistry Study of Black Powder Materials by Solution Combustion Synthesis Method Hidayanti, Fitria Lestari, Kiki R. Sujani, Nano Raharjo, Jarot Chemistry La2NiO4; Solution Combustion Synthesis; Battery NiMH; Hydrogen Storage Alloy A study on the synthesis of black powder (La2NiO4) material using the solution combustion synthesis method at a variation of synthesis temperature of 60, 70, and 80°C was carried out. It produces a mass of black powder of 2 grams by four times of synthesis process. Then, material characterization was performed on the black powder samples obtained by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases formed, Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to determine the morphology and analyze the composition elemental on the microscale and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) to determine chemical bonds. From the whole black powder sample, XRD analysis showed the phases of Dilantanum Nickel Tetraoxide (La2NiO4), Nickel Oxide (NiO), Lanthanum Oxide (La2O3), and Lanthanum Oxide Ht x-form (La2O3 Ht (x-form)). In addition, it was seen from the visible compositions of the phases that the NiO phase looks more dominant and the variation of the synthesis temperature shows that the La2O3 phase was increasing. This was supported by the EDS analysis, which showed that the EDS spectrum contains elements La, Ni, and O where the element O indicates that oxidation occurs in the elements Ni and La. On the other hand, the SEM analysis results confirm that the black powder sample contains the elements La and Ni, based on the high and low electron images contained in the morphology of the black powder sample. In addition, it was also known that the particles in the black powder sample were micron size and had porous morphology. This occurs due to rapid thermal decomposition events and excessive gas development. In addition, FTIR analysis showed that the O-H bond had been reduced and there are still C-O and C-H bonds indicating the presence of organic elements possessed by glycine. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2021-10-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/157 10.14421/biomedich.2021.102.93-103 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 10, No 2 (2021); 93-103 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/157/126 Copyright (c) 2021 Fitria Hidayanti, Kiki R. Lestari, Nano Sujani, Jarot Raharjo

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/182 2023-03-09T02:45:02Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Phytochemical Constituents of F. Sagittifolia Warburg ex Mildbraed & Burret Leaves with Antimicrobial Activity Taiwo, Olayombo Margaret Olaoluwa, Olaoluwa Omosalewa Aiyelaagbe, Olapeju Oluyemisi Matasyoh, Josphat Clement Natural Product Chemistry;Medicinal Chemistry;Organic Chemistry Antimicrobial activity; F. sagittifolia; Isoflavonoids; Natural products; Steroidal glycoside The leaves and bark of Ficus sagittifolia have been used as a cure for stomach and pulmonary disorders, respectively. The bark is edible and is taken against colic. From the leaves of F. sagittifolia, a steroidal glycoside named Stigmast-5,22-diene-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside 1 and three isoflavonoids named 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one 2, 5-hydroxy-3(4-hydroxylphenyl)-8,8-dimethylpyrano[2,3-f]-chromen-4(8H)-one 3 and 5-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphemyl)-8,8-dimethylpyrano[3,2-g}-chromen-4(8H)-one 4 were isolated, and this is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from this plant. The structural elucidation of the compounds was based on 1D and 2D NMR, IR and MS data analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus Niger at 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively while compounds 2 and 4 were active against Helicobacter pylori at 0.0625 mg/mL. These findings corroborate the ethno-medicinal use of F. sagittifolia leaves as a treatment for stomach disorders. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity African German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES) 2022-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/182 10.14421/biomedich.2022.111.75-81 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 11, No 1 (2022); 75-81 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/182/142 https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/downloadSuppFile/182/31 Copyright (c) 2022 Olayombo Margaret Taiwo, Olaoluwa Omosalewa Olaoluwa, Olapeju Oluyemisi Aiyelaagbe, Josphat Clement Matasyoh

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/249 2024-07-03T02:30:44Z BIOMEDICH:ART

Proximate Composition, Levels of Some Essential Mineral Elements and Anti-Nutritional Components of Some Yam Species Found in Minna, Niger State Godfrey, Eneogwe Okechukwu Esther, Ibrahim Izihyi Faith, Obuye Chemistry; Journal Natural product proximate composition; anti-nutritional; mineral content; Dioscorea dumenturom; Dioscorea rotundata; Dioscorea cayenensis Samples of Dioscorea dumenturom, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea cayenensis were investigated for their proximate composition, anti-nutritional and mineral contents using standard analytical methods. These varieties of Dioscorea analysed showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) amongst them. However, from the results, it was observed that Dioscorea rotundata had the highest ash (8.05±0.05 %) and crude fibre content (13.11±0.10 %) which indicates that it contains more mineral stuffing and is best for softening of stool. Dioscorea cayenensis had the highest fat content (16.31±0.30 %), indicating that it is a better source of calories than other yam species analysed. Dioscorea dumenturom had the lowest moisture content (3.51±0.01 %) as well as the highest crude protein (12.29±0.01 %) and carbohydrates (69.04±0.10 %) than other yam species analysed, indicating its longer shelf-life, high bodybuilding capacity and better source of energy than other yam species analysed. The anti-nutritional constituent of alkaloid and tannin were lowest in Dioscorea cayenensis while Dioscorea rotundata had the least cyanide, phytate and oxalate content. This implies that these particular yams are safer for consumption. The elemental analysis in mg/100g indicated that the yam species contained appreciable levels of essential minerals, with Dioscorea dumenturom having the highest sodium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorous and magnesium concentration of 32.05±0.07 mg/100g,190.57±0.01mg/100g, 5.98±0.03 mg/100g, 80.12±0.17 mg/100g, 237.10±0.48 mg/100g and 100.22±0.03 mg/100g respectively. All these mineral concentrations exist within the permissible limit of WHO and hence indicate that the yam species can serve as a good source of minerals. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity Godfrey Okechukwu Eneogwe, Federal University Lokoja Esther Izhiyi I brahim, Federal University Lokoja Faith Obuye, Federal University Lokoja 2022-09-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/249 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.9-16 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 9-16 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/249/162 Copyright (c) 2022 Eneogwe Okechukwu Godfrey, Ibrahim Izihyi Esther, Obuye Faith

oai:ojs.sciencebiology.org:article/290 2023-09-22T09:20:49Z BIOMEDICH:ART

A New ent-kaurene Diterpenoid Isolated from Leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. and its Potential Antimicrobial Activity Marquez, Andres Perez, Alida Rojas, Luis Aparicio, Rosa Ramos, Freddy Obregon, Ysbelia Usubillaga, Alfredo Natural Product Chemistry; Medicinal Chemistry; Biological; Medicine; Biology Diterpene; ent-kaurene; Asteraceae; Natural Products; Antimicrobial Activity The fraction of the neutral extraction of the leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. was subjected to chromatographic separation, it yielded four ent-kaurene type diterpenoids: three known [ent-kaur-16-en-19-al (I), ent-kaur-18-nor-16-en-4-ol (III), ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol (IV)] and a new one elucidated as ent-kaur-3-acetoxy-15-ene (II), based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic data of FTIR, GC-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were subjected to antimicrobial bioassay studies. This new ent-kaurene showed a significant inhibition potential against the growth of gram negative bacterial strains [Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922): 8 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357): 10 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853): 8 mm], it also showed inhibition against the growth of fungal strain (Candida krusei: 8 mm), at a 2 mg/mL concentration. The compounds (I), (III) and (IV) failed to show any significant results in the antimicrobial screening against five bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)] and one fungal strain [Candida krusei (ATCC 6558)]. These results reveal a remarkable natural structure-activity relationship of the ent-kaurene core regarding the C-3 position (A ring of perhydrophenanthrene unit), whose oxygenation or addition of a hydrogen bond acceptor or donor group, improves the antimicrobial activity. Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity 2023-01-24 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/290 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.151-157 Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry; Vol 12, No 1 (2023); 151-157 2540-9328 2089-6514 eng https://sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/290/176 Copyright (c) 2023 Andres Marquez, Alida Perez, Luis Rojas, Rosa Aparicio, Freddy Ramos, Ysbelia Obregon, Alfredo Usubillaga c509bddaffa1147f83f83b5e8d509b4e